Chapter 8 Flashcards
Social Structure Theories of Crime I: Early Development and Strain Models of Crime
Which European researcher is associated with the first scientific study of criminology?
Adolphe Quetelet
Who is credited with coining the term sociology?
Auguste Comte
Guerry found that ______ crimes were higher in wealthy areas but ______ crime was higher in poor areas.
property; violent
The commonality among strain theories is that people who _____ are more likely to commit crimes?
are under stress
Who showed that certain types of individuals were more likely to commit crimes?
Adolphe Quetelet
What do we call the perception that results when poor people live in close proximity to wealthy people?
relative deprivation
When law enforcement cracks down on gangs, especially during relatively inactive periods, gangs will be stronger due to…?
giving members a common enemy
Durkheim claimed that in order to reduce excessive control of citizens and stagnation in creative thought, there has to be deviation from established moral boundaries in society, especially societies in the more ______ stage.
mechanical
Durkheim emphasized that human beings differ from other animal species in that they are what?
more altruistic
Durkheim showed that the rate of suicide was lower among individuals who were…?
were more communal
Who is credited with being the most influential theorist in modern structural perspectives of criminality?
Émile Durkheim
According to Durkheim, what provides the mechanism for limiting humans’ insatiable appetite for more?
society
Similarities in daily routine and constant interaction with like members of society lead to a strong uniformity in values that Durkheim called what?
collective conscience
Durkheim called primitive societies with a simple distribution of labor and high level of agreement about social norms and rules ______ societies.
mechanical
According to Merton, which person would be most likely to be respected by youths and adults in American society?
social media influencer with a six-figure income
