chapter 8 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is attention?
Actively focusing on particular things while ignoring others.
What are the sources of information we receive constantly?
Internal stimuli and external stimuli.
What are the three types of attention?
Sustained attention, divided attention, selective attention.
What is sustained attention?
Focusing on one task for a prolonged period with no distraction.
What is divided attention?
Splitting attention across two or more tasks.
What is selective attention?
Exclusively focusing on a specific task while ignoring others.
What are distractions?
Internal or external stimuli that draw our focus away from a task.
What is the process of sensation in vision?
Visual receptors (rods and cones) detect light, retina converts it to electrochemical signals, and optic nerve sends it to the brain.
What is visual perception?
The primary visual cortex selects important image features and filters out irrelevant ones.
How does sensation in taste work?
Saliva breaks food into tastants; gustatory receptors receive it, and it is converted into electrochemical signals.
What are the five basic tastes?
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami (savory).
How is taste perceived?
Based on past experience, and processed by the gustatory cortex and other brain regions including smell.
What is bottom-up processing?
Processing specific stimuli into general knowledge; used for unfamiliar or complex information.
What is top-down processing?
Applying general knowledge to interpret specific stimuli; used for familiar and simple information.
What is sensation?
Receiving and detecting raw sensory input via sensory organs
What are the stages of perception?
Selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory information.
What is reception?
Sensory information is received by sensory organs.
What is transduction?
Conversion of sensory info into a neural pulse.
What is transmission?
Sending sensory info via efferent pathways to the brain.
What is selection (in perception)?
Attending to some sensory features and ignoring others.
What is organisation (in perception)?
Regrouping selected sensory features so they make sense.
What is interpretation (in perception)?
Making sense of the organized sensory information.
What are the factors influencing gustatory perception?
Biological (age, genetics), psychological (appearance, packaging), and social (culture) factors.
How does age affect gustatory perception?
Taste buds decline and papillae become less sensitive with age.
