Chapter 8

Question 1

Name the 3 functional classifications of a joint and their range of movement.

Answer 1

1. synarthroses: no movement
2. amphiarthroses: slight movement
3. diarthroses: free movement

Question 2

Name the 3 structural classifications of joints and what material surrounds them.

Answer 2

1. fibrous - joint by fibrous cartilage
2. cartilaginous - pad of cartilage
3. synovial - inside fluid filled cavity

Question 3

What type of joint is joined by connective tissue fibers and has no cavity? These joints allow little to no movement.

Answer 3

Fibrous joints

Question 4

Name the 3 types of fibrous joints.

Answer 4

1. sutures
2. syndesmoses
3. gomphoses

Question 5

Give an example of a suture joint

Answer 5

joints between cranial bones

Question 6

Give an example of a syndesmoses joint

Answer 6

distal tibiofibular joint

Question 7

Give an example of a gomphoses joint

Answer 7

“peg in socket joint” - teeth anchored in jaw by periodontal ligament

Question 8

What types of joints unite bones with cartilage and have no cavities?

Answer 8

cartilaganous

Question 9

Name two types of cartilaganous joints.

Answer 9

1. synchondroses

2. symphyses

Question 10

Give an example of a synchondroses joint

Answer 10

epiphyseal plate, sternum and first ribs

Question 11

How would you classify the synchondroses joint in terms of movement?

Answer 11

synarthrotic - no movement

Question 12

Give an example of a symphyses joint

Answer 12

pubic symphysis

Question 13

How would you classify the symphyses joint in terms of movement?

Answer 13

Amphiathrotic - limited movement

Question 14

What types of joints are diarthrotic and include all limb joints and most joints of the body?

Answer 14

synovial

Question 15

What covers the ends of bones in a synovial joint?

Answer 15

articular cartilage

Question 16

What does a synovial joint cavity contain?

Answer 16

lubricating fluid

Question 17

Describe the two layers of an articular joint capsule

Answer 17

1. outer layer is dense irregular connective tissue

2. inner layer is synovial membrane

Question 18

Synovial joints are rich in nerve and blood vessel supply. What do the nerve fibers do?

Answer 18

detect pain and monitor joint position and stretch

Question 19

What do the capillary beds do in a synovial joint?

Answer 19

produce filtrate for synovial fluid

Question 20

What are the fibrous sacs that ease movement of muscles, ligaments and tendons over the joint, reducing friction?

Answer 20

Bursae and tendon sheaths

Question 21

What is the function of the fatty pads between fibrous capsule and bone?

Answer 21

cushion bone

Question 22

What are the wedges or discs that stabilize the joint?

Answer 22

menisci

Question 23

What are 3 factors affecting stability of synovial joints?

Answer 23

1. shape
2. number and location of ligaments
3. muscle tone - reinforces joints

Question 24

Name the 4 types of movements in synovial joints

Answer 24

1. gliding
2. angular movements
3. rotation
4. special movements

Question 25

Name the 8 types of angular movements

Answer 25

HEAD CAPF 1. hyperextension - extension beyond normal range 2. extension - increases angle of the joint 3. abduction - limb moves away from mid line 4. dorsiflexion - raising top of foot toward shin 5. circumduction - distal end moves in a circle 6. adduction - limb moves toward the mid line 7. plantar flexion - depressing toes 8. flexion - decreases angle of the joint

Question 26

Name two special movements of radius & ulna

Answer 26

supination - palm up | pronation - palm down

Question 27

Name two special movements of foot

Answer 27

inversion - turn sole medially | eversion - turn sole laterally

Question 28

Name two special movements of jaw

Answer 28

protraction - anterior movement | retraction - posterior movement

Question 29

Name two special movements of the shoulders

Answer 29

elevation - lift superiorly - shrug | depression - lower inferiorly

Question 30

Name a special movement of thumb and forefinger

Answer 30

opposition - tip of thumb touches finger tips

Question 31

Name 6 types of synovial joints

Answer 31

1. plane 2. hinge 3. pivot 4. condyloid 5. saddle 6. ball and socket

Question 32

What type of synovial joint has flat articular surfaces and has short gliding movements over each other and give an example.

Answer 32

plane joints - intercarpals

Question 33

What type of joint provides motion along a single plane and has only flexion and extension movement? Give an example

Answer 33

hinge joints - elbow

Question 34

What type of joint has a rounded end and conforms to a sleeve or ring of another bone? Give an example

Answer 34

pivot joing - between ulna and radius (radioulnar)

Question 35

What type of joint has both articular surfaces oval and permit all angular movements? Give an example.

Answer 35

condyloid - metacarpals

Question 36

What type of joint allows for greater freedom of movement than condyloid joints and each articular surface has concave and convex areas? Give an example.

Answer 36

saddle - thumb carpal/metacarpal

Question 37

What type of joint is the most freely moving synovial joint? Give an example

Answer 37

ball and socket - hip, shoulder joint

Question 38

Name 5 common synovial joints

Answer 38

1. knee joint 2. shoulder joint (glenohumeral) 3. elbow joint 4. hip joint (coxal) 5. temporomandibular joint

Question 39

Which synovial joint is the most complex?

Answer 39

knee

Question 40

In the knee name the 3 joints surrounded by a single joint cavity

Answer 40

1. femoropatellar joint (knee cap & femur) | 2. lateral & medial tibiofemoral joints

Question 41

What makes up the ball & socket joint of the shoulder?

Answer 41

head of humerous and glenoid fossa of the scapula

Question 42

The glenoid fossa is shallow in the shoulder socket. What does this allow?

Answer 42

greater freedom of movement

Question 43

What is the shoulder joint reinforced by?

Answer 43

ligaments and tendons

Question 44

Explain what the ligaments and tendons function is in the shoulder.

Answer 44

1. ligaments - help support weight of limb & strengthen joint 2. tendons - anchor humerus to glenoid and encircle joint

Question 45

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

Answer 45

hinge joint

Question 46

Which bones articulate together in the elbow joint?

Answer 46

radius & ulna articulate with the humerus

Question 47

What type of joint is the hip (coxal) joint?

Answer 47

ball & socket

Question 48

What increases the stability of the hip (coxal) joint?

Answer 48

1. deep socket 2. labrum of acetabulum 3. many reinforcing ligaments

Question 49

Where is the temporomandibular joint located?

Answer 49

between the mandibular condyl and mandibular fossa of temperol