Chapter 8

Question 0

Fecundity

Answer 0

Number of offspring produced per reproductive episode

Question 1

Life history

Answer 1

Life cycle

Question 2

Parity

Answer 2

The number of reproductive episodes an organism experiences

Question 3

Parental investments

Answer 3

Time and energy given to an offspring by its parents

Question 4

Longevity

Answer 4

Lifespan of an organism

Question 5

Slow life history

Answer 5

Slow development
Delayed maturity
Low reproductive rate
High parental investment per offspring

Question 6

Fast life history

Answer 6

Fast development
Rapid sexual maturity
High reproductive rate
Low parental investment per offspring

Question 7

Life history traits

Answer 7

Fecundity
Parity parental investment
Longevity

Question 8

What does. Plant life history depend on?

Answer 8

Environmental conditions

Question 9

3 categories of plants

Answer 9

Stress tolerate
Competitor
Ruderal

Question 10

Stress tolerators

Answer 10

Small herbs with a long life span, slow growth, and a long time until sexual maturity

Question 11

Type of reproduction for stress tolerators?

Answer 11

Vegetative reproduction

Question 12

Competitors

Answer 12

Grow fast
Early sexual maturity
Little energy to seed production

Question 13

Ruderals

Answer 13

Grow fast

Devote energy to reproduction

Question 14

Principle of allocation

Answer 14

States that life history traits are adapted to maximize fitness
Resources can only be devoted to one body structure, physiological function, or behavior

Question 15

Trade offs

Answer 15

When one life history trait is favored it prevents the adoption of other advantageous traits

Question 16

What does natural selection favor?

Answer 16

Individuals that allocate resources in a way that achieves maximum fitness

Question 17

Offspring number vs size

Answer 17

Trade off between number of offspring and the size of the offspring
Selection favors a uniform offspring size

Question 18

Offspring number vs. parental care

Answer 18

More offspring then less amount of parental care and less chance of offspring survival

Question 19

Determinate growth

Answer 19

Individual does not grow anymore after it initiates reproduction

Question 20

Indeterminate growth

Answer 20

An individual continues to grow after it initiates growth

Question 21

Type of growth for long life spans?

Answer 21

Determinate growth

Question 22

Type of growth for short life spans?

Answer 22

Indeterminate growth

Question 23

High predation environment

Answer 23

Females allocate more resources to reproduction, produce more and smaller offspring

Question 24

Low predation environment

Answer 24

Females allocate less resources to reproduction and produce fewer and larger offspring

Question 25

Senescence

Answer 25

Decline in body condition and then death

Question 26

Semelparity

Answer 26

When organisms reproduce only once | Die after reproduction

Question 27

Iteroparity

Answer 27

When organisms reproduce multiple times during life

Question 28

Annual

Answer 28

Has a life span of one year

Question 29

Perennial

Answer 29

Life span of more than one year

Question 30

Why semelparity?

Answer 30

When there is a massive amount of energy needed for reproduction

Question 31

Why do some animals live longer?

Answer 31

They have better mechanisms for reducing the production of reactive forms of oxygen and repairing damaged DNA and protein molecules

Question 32

Photoperiod

Answer 32

The amount of light that occurs each day