chapter 8 Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are the 3 dimension of inequalities and their definition
Gender Inequalities - Hierarchical asymmetries between men and women along 3 lines:
1-Power: Capacity to Impose Your Will on Others
2-Material Well-Being: Access to economic resources
(ex. Food, Possessions, Advantages)
3-Prestige: Position in Social / Work Hierarchy
(cashier vs. doctor)
What is liberal feminism
Gender inequality caused by:
Gender stereotypes + Division of work: men/women
Solutions:
1. Eliminate Gender Stereotyping (educ./work)
2. Update Laws – M/W equal opportunities
What is Marxism feminism
- Women’s unpaid work benefits Capitalists
- Women’s paid work also benefits Capitalists
Solution: Socialism/Communism
What is socialist feminism
Gendered division of labour / Cap exploitation of this labour
But Also : Patriarchy
Solutions: -Gov’t subsidized maternal benefits (mat leave)
-Gov’t subsidized child care ($, 7$/day daycare)
-Equal pay for work of equal value
Removing Inequality:
Removing male dominance in: Legal / Educ. syst/ Family/ Economy
What is multiracial Feminism
Multiracial: Importance of race in gender inequality
Matrix of Domination: Race / Class / Gender
3 ideas:
Differences between women (some more/ some less unequal)
Some women dominate other women
Solutions vary according to a group’s position in the matrix
(ex. Poor native woman vs. Rich white woman)
what are the 3 causes of the Increasing Participation in the Workforce - Transformations
Three factores caused changes in the women’s labour-force participation rate:
Canada’s economy that increased the demand for workers in service jobs
Decreases in the number of children born
Increases the financial pressures on families
what is the glass ceiling effect
Glass ceiling effect: women face invisble barriers that prevent them from penetrating the highest levels of organization wgere oiwer us concentrated and exercised
Why women tend to be hired in high-skilled jobs?
gender bias exists in the definition of skill
Why women have lower pay
Gender differences in the characteristics that influence pay rates
Gender differences in the type of work performed
Discrimination
Societal devalutation of women’s work
Why birthplace and colour matter
Immigrant and Visible Minority Women:
Inequality issues are not restricted to gender!
Native/Vis. Minority Women vs. White women – Low-Skill Jobs
- Foreign-Born, Minority PRs vs. Can-Born Women- Lower Pay
- Native/Visible Minority Women vs. Non-Minority – Lower Pay
- Wide Diversity: Women are not a Homogeneous Group!
- ex: cleaning hotel rooms and offices and workinh in manufacturing jobs
- Increases gab when foreign born have no knowledge of english or french
3- employers not hiring womens for certain jobs, promoting them slowly or paying them less
4-diversity exists among women in labour-force characteristics
Inequality issues are not restricted to gender but also include race and immigrant status , each group is unique
How to Eliminate Gender Inequality?
- Affirmative Action Programs
Goals:
Make the composition of a firm or organization more representative of available workers by integrating women into certain industries or professions.
Halt and Overturn the Perpetuation of Long-Standing Inequalities (Gaz Metro) - Pay Equity: Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value
what are the positive and negative aspect of pay equity
Positive: Some Success (Canada Post) Negative: Not Everyone covered (ex. publ. service) Weak Penalties Flawed Policies (ex. only large firms/ within the firm)
what is feminine management
Values Based on: Consensus-Building Flexibility Equal Participation These Values are in Opposition With the Competitive Approach
what are the perception of women and men that influences gender inequality
Men are More:
Independent, Aggressive, Competitive, Decisive
Women are More:
Empathetic, Gentle, Timid, Sensitive to Others’ Needs
what are the 3 perceptions point of view
There is no difference between men and women: They have the same needs, values & leadership styles.
There are differences: Women still act according to stereotypes (socialization).
Differences result from the fact that women must perform at a higher level to compensate for stereotypes.
