Chapter 8

Question 1

what does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

RNA and DNA are long chains of ____

Answer 2

nucleotides

Question 3

what are the four nitrogen-containing bases of DNA?

Answer 3

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 4

in 1953, watson and crick proposed that DNA is a double ____

Answer 4

helix

Question 5

each nucleotide is made of three parts. what are they?

Answer 5

five carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base

Question 6

viruses that infect bacteria are called…

Answer 6

(bacterio) phages

Question 7

RNA and DNA are both…

Answer 7

nucleic acids

Question 8

the sugar of DNA is called…

Answer 8

deoxyribose

Question 9

what are the two double-ringed bases?

Answer 9

adenine, guanine

Question 10

what are the two single-ringed bases?

Answer 10

thymine, cytosine

Question 11

adenine always binds to ____

Answer 11

thymine

Question 12

guanine always binds to ____

Answer 12

cytosine

Question 13

characteristics of DNA:

a. ) consists of ____ nucleotide strands attached together
b. ) the strands are complimentary and ____
c. ) ____ hold the nitrogen-containing bases together
d. ) DNA molecule is a ____ shape

Answer 13

• two
• anti-parallel
• hydrogen bonds
• double helix

Question 14

the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases are easily ____

Answer 14

broken

Question 15

the DNA unwinds at the ____ as the hydrogen bonds break

Answer 15

replication fork

Question 16

one side of DNA serves as a ____ for replication

Answer 16

template

Question 17

DNA undergoes ____, where one side is old and one side is new

Answer 17

semi-conservative replication

Question 18

____ is an enzyme involved in DNA replication that unzips DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases

Answer 18

helicase

Question 19

____ is an enzyme involved in DNA replication that attaches new nucleotides together

Answer 19

polymerase

Question 20

____ is an enzyme involved in DNA replication that attaches new nucleotides together

Answer 20

ligase

Question 21

____ is an enzyme invovled in DNA replication that repairs damaged sites or mismatches

Answer 21

repair enzyme; mismatch repair enzyme

Question 22

strands can only be assembled in the ____ or ____ direction

Answer 22

5, 3

Question 23

describe the assembly of DNA

Answer 23

on one strand, DNA is assembled continuously. on the other strand, it is assembled in fragments called okazaki fragments.

Question 24

a. ) ____ cloning happens naturally
b. ) ____ cloning is where an unfertilized egg nucleus is replaced with another DNA
c. ) ____ cloning is where a stem cell nucleus is replaced with the nucleus of the organ to be cloned

Answer 24

embryo, reproductive, tissue