Chapter 8

Question 1

psychometric theories (8.1)

Answer 1

psychologists who specialize in measuring psychological characteristics such as intelligence and personality

Question 2

CATTELL (8.1)

fluid intelligence

Answer 2

refers to the ability to perceive relations among stimuli

Question 3

CATTELL (8.1)

crystallized intelligence

Answer 3

comprises a person’s culturally influenced accumulated knowledge and skills, including understanding printed language, comprehending language, and knowing vocabulary
- based on experience

Question 4

information processing theory (8.1)

Answer 4

speed of information processing

• flexibility of strategies
• transferring strategies to new information

Question 5

SPEARMAN (8.1)

general intelligence

Answer 5

good capacity in one area

- g factor

Question 6

SPEARMAN (8.1)

specific intelligence

Answer 6

• specific area of intelligence

Question 7

Gardiner’s theory of multiple intelligence (8.1)

Answer 7

1. linguistic
2. logical-mathematical
3. spatial
4. musical
5. bodily-kinesthetic
6. interpersonal
7. intrapersonal
8. naturalistic
9. existential

Question 8

GARDINER'S (8.1)
emotional intelligence (EI)

Answer 8

the ability to use one’s own and other’s emotions effectively for solving problems and living happily

Question 9

STERNBERG’S THEORY OF SUCCESSFUL INTELLIGENCE (8.1)

analytic ability

Answer 9

• ability to analyze

- analyzing problems and generating different solutions

Question 10

STERNBERG’S (8.1)

creative ability

Answer 10

• involves dealing adaptively with novel situations and problems

Question 11

STERNBERG’S (8.1)

practical ability

Answer 11

knowing what solution or plan will actually work

- monitoring the situation

Question 12

CREATIVE THINKING (8.1)

Answer 12

• elaborate thinking
• fluency
• flexibility
• originality
• elaboration
• less categories = less creative

Question 13

MEASURING INTELLIGENCE (8.2)
mental age (MA)

Answer 13

• Binet and Simon

- referred to the difficulty of problems that children could solve correctly

Question 14

MEASURING INTELLIGENCE (8.2)
intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 14

• Terman
• simply the ratio of mental age to chronological age (CA)
• MA/CA x 100

Question 15

MEASURING INTELLIGENCE (8.2)
Wechsler intelligence Scale for Children - IV

Answer 15

• verbal and performance skills
• children 6 y.o to 16 y.o
• general intelligence
• verbal comprehension
• memory
• processing speed
• adjust scales so the average IQ is always 100

Question 16

MEASURING INTELLIGENCE (8.2)
Bayley Scales for infant development

Answer 16

• 1 to 42 months-olds
  1. cognitive
  2. language
  3. motor
  4. social-emotional
  5. adaptive behavior

Question 17

MEASURING INTELLIGENCE (8.2)
dynamic testing

Answer 17

measures a child’s learning potential by having the child learn something new in the presence of the examiner and with the examiner’s help

• new task and strategies they use to solve problems
• fluid intelligence
• outside of zone of proximal development

Question 18

intelligence, heredity, and environment (8.2)

Answer 18

• environmental risk and protective factors
• high IQ = well organized and stable
• object that are stimulating
• involvement of parents
• expectations for child to do well: encouragement
• parents who respond within the zone of proximal development

Question 19

MEASURING INTELLIGENCE (8.2)
collectivity

Answer 19

the interdependence of the members of the community

Question 20

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (8.2)
culture-fair intelligence test

Answer 20

include test items based on experiences common to many cultures
- Raven’s progressive matrices: pictures

Question 21

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (8.2)
stereotype threat

Answer 21

• self-fulfilling prophecy, in which knowledge of stereotypes leads to anxiety and reduced performance consistent with the original stereotype

Question 22

sex differences (8.2)

Answer 22

• girls are better at verbal and timed tasks

- boys are better at numerical reasoning and spatial visualization and mental rotation

Question 23

GIFTED AND CREATIVE CHILDREN (8.3)

gifted

Answer 23

• IQ of 130 or more
• exceptional academic achievement and specialized talent in arts
• specific areas
• more emotional mature than others
• as adults they are more satisfied with careers

Question 24

giftedness associated with (8.3)

Answer 24

1. the child loves the subject and has an overwhelming desire to master it
2. instruction to develop the child’s special talent usually begins at an early age
3. parents are committed to promoting their child’s talent
4. like-minded peers
5. a challenging curriculum

Question 25

GIFTED (8.3)

convergent thinking

Answer 25

• using information to determine a standard, correct answer

- intelligence is associated with…

Question 26

GIFTED (8.3)

divergent thinking

Answer 26

• creativity is associated with…

- where the aim i snot to find a single correct answer

Question 27

intellectual disability (8.3)

Answer 27

• refers to substantial limitations in intellectual ability, as well as problems adapting to an environment, with both emerging before 18 years old
• IQ of 70 or below
• organic and family related cognitive delays
• difficulty adapting to environmental demands

Question 28

learning disability (8.3)

Answer 28

a. have difficulty mastering an academic subject
b. have normal intelligence
c. not suffering from other conditions that could explain poor performance
- 5% of children in Canada

Question 29

LEARNING DISABILITY (8.3)
developmental dyslexia

Answer 29

• difficulties in reading individual words
• phonological problem in their ‘learning stage’
• Broca’s area

Question 30

LEARNING DISABILITY (8.3)
impaired reading comprehension

Answer 30

• difficulties understanding words that have been read successfully
• Wernicke’s area

Question 31

LEARNING DISABILITY (8.3)
mathematical learning disability or developmental dyscalculia

Answer 31

• difficulties in mathematics

- processing of quantity and symbol