Chapter 8

Question 1

A duplicated chromosome consists of two…

Answer 1

sister chromatids

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during interphase?

a. chromatin becomes tightly coiled and condensed.
b. chromosome duplication
c. sister chromatids separate
d. the mitotic spindle forms

Answer 2

Chromosomes duplication

Question 3

Chromatin consists of…

Answer 3

DNA and protein

Question 4

Homologous chromosomes…

Answer 4

carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics

Question 5

One major difference in the genes that exist on sister chromatids vs. homologous chromosomes is…

Answer 5

sister chromatids always contain identical copies of a gene; homologous chromosomes may or may not contain identical copies

Question 6

If a cell were to undergo mitosis and NOT cytokinesis, this would result in…

Answer 6

a cell with two nuclei

Question 7

Crossing over events promote…

Answer 7

variability/diversity among individuals

Question 8

Homologous chromosomes pair up in..

a. Meiosis
b. Mitosis

Answer 8

Meiosis

Question 9

This form of cell division leads to the generation of cells with 2 sets of chromosomes from both the mother and the father

a. Meiosis
b. Mitosis

Answer 9

Mitosis

Question 10

At the end of this form of cell division, there are 46 chromosomes in the daughter cell.

a. Meiosis
b. Mitosis

Answer 10

mitosis

Question 11

Diploid cell divides into 2 diploid cells

a. Meiosis
b. Mitosis

Answer 11

mitosis

Question 12

Chromosomes (with sister chromatids) line up in a single line along the equator.

a. Meiosis
b. Mitosis

Answer 12

mitosis

Question 13

This form of cell division leads to the generation of cells with 1 set of chromosomes from either the mother or the father.

a. Meiosis
b. Mitosis

Answer 13

Meiosis

Question 14

Nondisjunction occurs in this form of cell division.

a. Meiosis
b. Mitosis

Answer 14

Meiosis

Question 15

After this form of cell division, daughter and parent cell DNA are identical.

a. Meiosis
b. Mitosis

Answer 15

mitosis

Question 16

Recombination occurs in this form of cell division.

a. Meiosis
b. Mitosis

Answer 16

meiosis

Question 17

At the end of this form of cell division, there are 23 chromosomes in the haploid daughter cell.

a. Meiosis
b. Mitosis

Answer 17

meiosis

Question 18

What is pathogenesis?

Answer 18

Parthogenesis is the fertilization of eggs without the input of male genetic material. This is not a type of asexual reproduction.

Question 19

What is genetic fingerprinting? What are some of its uses?

Answer 19

Genetic fingerprinting is looking at a person’s DNA sequence in order to identify a person. This can be useful when you are trying to identify a criminal or find out more information in a criminal case.

Question 20

How would genetic fingerprinting allow the scientists to determine that the offspring were the result of parthogenesis?

Answer 20

Genetic fingerprinting allows scientists to know if the offspring was the result of parthogenesis because if the offspring’s DNA is really similar to the parent (because there is only one parent’s DNA) we know that the offspring was the result of parthogenesis.

Question 21

What is the benefit of only keeping females in zoos? Why not allow animals in captivity to breed?

Answer 21

Keeping females in zoos allows us to decide who they mate with in order to increase the chances of their survival because by being able to move the males around, we are able to create more diversity in order to protect the species.

Question 22

Why is parthogenesis a problem for zoos?

Answer 22

Why parthogenesis happens, there is less genetic diversity because the offspring are similar to their parent, so there is a lower chance of survival for Komodo dragons.

Question 23

What is genetic diversity and how does parthogenesis decrease genetic diversity?

Answer 23

Genetic diversity is the different genes that are present within a species but also the different species within a community. Parthogenesis decreases genetic diversity because only one parent’s genes are contributing to the genome of the offspring, so the offspring will not be very different from the parent, and there will not be as much diversity in the genes of the next generation of Komodo dragons.

Question 24

How can offspring be generated if they are neither clones nor products of sexual reproduction?

Answer 24

1. Meiosis II doesn’t happen and the 2 haploid cells made in meiosis I fuse, so the offspring are exactly the same as the mother.
2. Primary gamete only goes through mitosis, sot the offspring will be clones.
3. The haploid gamete that is one of the products of meiosis II duplicates its DNA and becomes a diploid cell.
4. Two of the four haploid gametes that are the result of meiosis II fuse, so the offspring are similar but not exactly the same as the mother.

Question 25

If a diploid egg was produced by mitosis...

Answer 25

the offspring would be genetically identical to their mother

Question 26

If two haploid cells formed by meiosis I fused to generate a diploid egg...

Answer 26

cells formed in this way would be genetically identical to their mother and to one another

Question 27

If two haploid cells formed by meiosis II fused to generate a diploid egg...

Answer 27

the offspring and the mother would all be genetically different from one another.

Question 28

A haploid egg formed and the chromosomes in the egg underwent DNA replication. If the sister chromatids separated during anaphase of mitosis but then remained in a single cell as separate chromosomes to yield a diploid egg, then...

Answer 28

the offspring and the mother would all be genetically different from one another.