Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nutrition > chapter 8 > Flashcards

chapter 8 Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

provitamins

A
  • substance converted to a vitamin in an organism

- precursor to vitamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

examples of provitamins

A
  • tryptophan: amino acid converted to niacin

- beta carotene: converted to vita

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

water soluble vitamins

A
  • less chance of harm than fat soluble
  • not retained by body
  • need regular consumptio
  • quick deficiencies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thiamin functions

A
  • coenzyme in energy metabolism

- helps synthesize neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

food sources of thiamin

A
  • whole and enriched grains

- pork, legumes, nuts, liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

thiamin deficiency

A
  • beriberi
  • common with staple diet of white rice
  • muscle weakness, anorexia, nerve degeneration, edema
  • diagnose using urinary excertion <100ug/day insufficient, <40ug/day extremely low
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

suspected thiamin deficiency?

A
  • behavioural changes
  • eye signs
  • gait disturbances
  • delirium
  • encephalopathy
  • patients with poor nutrition
  • on insulin for hyperglycemia
  • 80% of alcoholics
  • elderly
    chronic gi problems
  • anorexia,
  • cancer treatment
  • diuretic therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

riboflavin funcitons

A
  • coenzyme in energy metabolism

supports antioxidants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

food sources of riboflavin

A
  • milk and dairy products

- whole and enriched grains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

riboflavin deficiency

A
  • ariboflavinosis
  • common cause: alcoholism and barbituates
  • symptoms: mouth sores then anemia
  • leads to b6 deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

niacin functions

A
  • coenxyme in energy metabolism

- supports fatty acid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

niacin food sources

A
  • whole and enriched grains
  • meat poultry fish nuts peanuts
  • 1/2 of supply made from tryptophan - high in high quality protein and soy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

niacin deficiency

A
  • occurs due to too little trp in diet, high corn diet, low protein diet
  • pellagra
  • symptoms: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

niacin toxicity

A
  • high doses used to treat high blood trigs and cholesterol
  • raised HDL levels
  • side effects: skin flushing, liver damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

b6 functions

A
  • coenzyme in protein and amino acid metabolism
  • supports immune system
  • normal brain developemnt
  • serotonin production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

b6 food sources

A
  • whole grains
  • lost during refinement and irreplaceable during enrichment
  • meat fish poultry liver potatoes bananas sunflower seeds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

b6 deficiency

A
  • alcholism

- micryhypochromic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

b6 toxicity

A

can cause permanent nerve damage in high doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

folate food sources

A
  • leafy greens, orange juice, legumes fortified cereals enriched grains
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

folate functions

A
  • coenzyme in DNA synthesis and cell division

- needed for normal red blood cell synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

folic acid

A
  • synthetic form of folate
  • supplements
  • added to fortified foods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

folate deficiency

A
  • can contribute to neural tube defects
  • women of child bearing age need 400ug per day of folic acid
  • too late once pregnancy suspected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

b12 functions

A
  • normal folate function
  • DNA and red blood cell synthesis
  • maintains myelin sheath around nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

b12 food sources -

A
  • meat liver milk eggs

- supplements or fortified foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
b12 deficiency
- begaloblastic anemia | - nerve damage
26
b6 b12 folate and homocysteine
- low amounts of those vitamins associated with homocysteine - homocysteine marker for heart disease - higher levels: thickens artery walls and promotes blood clots - recommended to get enough vitamins
27
vitamin c functions
- collagen synthesis
28
vitamin c food sources
- fruits: citrus, strawberries, kiwi | veg: broccoli, tomatoes, potato skin
29
vitc toxicity
- may cause GI distress in high doses
30
vit c deficiency
scurvy | unravels triple helix of collagen
31
fat soluble vitamins
- vits A D E K - require bile and dietary fat - once absorbed, transported through lymphatic system in chylomicrons before entering blood - stored in body fat - intakes vary without risk of deficiency - not easily excreted - can accumulate - risk of toxicity in hgih levels
32
vit d synthesis
- pre d molecule in skin stimulated by specific uvb wavelength - activated in liver and kidney
33
vit d food sources
- milk, dairy products made from fortified milk - margaine - fatty fish, egg yolk
34
vit d3: cholecalciferol
- animal sources - added to milk - more expensive to supplement - more effective at raising levels
35
vit d2: ergocalciferol
- plant sources - added to soy milk - inexpensive to supplement
36
vit d functions
- bone health: allows calcium to leave intestine and enter bloodstream and remain in bone, also works kidneys to help reabsorb calcium that would otherwise be excreted - vit d receptors in most tissue - muscle health - neurological health - immune function
37
latitude effect on vit d
- we are too north to get enough vit d from sun
38
vit d deficiency
- dark skinned poeple need more sun - rickets in children: most cases in intermediate to dark skinned infants or toddlers who were exclusively breast fed without vit d supplements - when deficient calcium cant be absorbed efficiently and can have improper bone mineralization - can lead to osteomalacia
39
vit d toxicity
- hgih blood urine calcium concentrations, depositing of calcium in blood vessels and kidneys, cardiovascular damage, death
40
rickets in the north
- 1999-2013 rickets in alaskan indigenous childre in creased 2.3 fold for every 4 degree increase in latitude
41
vit E functions
- antioxidant: protects cell membranes from free radicles | - short lived, highly reacitve chemicals that can have negative effects on cells DA and membranes
42
forms of vit e
- tocopherol: alpha, beta, gamma, delta | - tocotrienol: delta, alpha, beta, gamma
43
vit e food sources
- wheat germ/oil - nuts and seeds - vegetable oils, margarine, salad dressing
44
vit e deficiency
- due to fat malabsorption disorders | - hemolysis
45
vit e toxicity
- rare
46
vit k functions
- blood clotting | - formation of bone
47
intrinsic sources of vit k
- made by bacteria in intestinal tract
48
food sources of vit k
- cabbage broccoli spinach leafy greens cereal soybeans
49
vit k deficiency
- rare | - increases risk of hemmorhage
50
vit k toxicity
- can interfere with anticoagulant medications
51
vit a functions
- vision, cell development and health, immunity
52
vit a sources
- preformed from animal prdocuts or supplements (retinoids) - liver, milk, egg yolk - precursor from from plant foods (carotenoids) - yellow/orange fruits and veg
53
chemical forms of vit a
- retinol: most active form, stored in liver - retinal - retinoic acid
54
vit a deficiency
- affects eyes, skin, other epithelial tissues - can be due to some diseases - vision abnormalities and night blindness
55
vit a toxicity
- preformed can be toxic in high amounts | - medications made from vit a can have side effects
56
functional foods
- provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition
57
phytochemicals
health promoting substances in plant foods
58
zoochamicals
health promoting substances in animal foods
59
phytochemicals in modern diet
- carotenoids - flavonoids - indoles and alliums - phytoestrogens and other plant hormones
60
carotenoids
- yellow, orange, red pigment plants - might boost immune function - powerful antioxidants - scavenge free radical sin body
61
lycopene
- pigment that colours tomatoes, watermelon, grapefruit, gauva - autumn olive berry: 17x lycopene of a tomato, may reduce risk of cancer, heart disease, plant sold in nurseries as berry producer for birds
62
lutein and zeaxanthin
- identical chemical formulas - isomers - component of central region of retina and may play a role in visual acuity - may reduce risk for age related macular degeneration - kale, other leafy greens
63
age related macular degeneration
- leading cause of vision loss in people over 55

Nutrition (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions