Chapter 8

Question 1

an association that involves exactly 2 variables

Answer 1

bivariate correlation

Question 2

describes the strength of a relationship between two or more variables

Answer 2

effect size

Question 3

“Larger effect sizes are usually more important” true or false?

Answer 3

true

Question 4

the conclusion a researcher reaches regarding the likelihood of getting a correlation of that size just by chance, assuming there’s no correlation in the real world

Answer 4

statistical significance

Question 5

an extreme score; a single case (or a few cases) that stand out from the pack

Answer 5

outlier

Question 6

(in bivariate correlation) the absence of a full range of possible scores on one of the variables, so the relationship from the sample underestimates the true correlation

Answer 6

restriction of range

Question 7

the relationship between 2 variables is not a straight line; it may be positive to a point and then become negative

Answer 7

curvilinear association

Question 8

the occurrence of both variables being measured around the same time, making it unclear which variable in the association came first

Answer 8

directionality problem

Question 9

when we can come up with an alternative explanation for the association between two variables, that alternative is some lurking third variable

Answer 9

third-variable problem

Question 10

the bivariate correlation is there, but only b/c of some third variable

Answer 10

spurious association

Question 11

when the relationship between 2 variables changes depending on the level of another variable, that other variable is called a…

Answer 11

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