Chapter 8 Flashcards
What does sexual reproduction require that asexual reproduction doesn’t?
Sperm or egg
Cellular reproduction involves what two important processes?
Growth and cell division
The process in which the cell duplicates it’s contents (including DNA and organelles)
Growth
The process in which the parent cell contents divides into two daughter cells
Cell division
The copying of DNA
DNA replication
What is DNA packaged into?
Chromosomes
DNA and associated proteins that have the appearance of thin threads
Chromatin
In chromatin the protein molecules are ______, and each bead is called a ______
Histones; nucleosome
The 2 identical halves of a duplicated chromosome
Sister chromotids
The constricted region that holds the sister chromatids together
Centrosome
How many pairs of chromosomes does a human cell contain
23
How many chromosomes total does a human cell contain
46
Orderly sequence of stages that takes place between the time a new cell has arisen to the point where it gives rise to two daughter cells
Cell cycle
What are the three stages of the cell cycle
Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
Time when a cell performs its usual functions
Interphase
What are the three stages that happen during interphase
G1, S-DNA synthesis, and G2
Stage in interphase before DNA replication; accumulates materials for DNA synthesis; makes decision whether to divide or not
G1
Stage in mitosis that does DNA synthesis
S
Stage in interphase following DNA synthesis; synthesizes proteins needed for cell division
G2
How many chromosomes total does a human cell contain
46
Orderly sequence of stages that takes place between the time a new cell has arisen to the point where it gives rise to two daughter cells
Cell cycle
What are the three stages of the cell cycle
Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
Time when a cell performs its usual functions
Interphase
What are the three stages that happen during interphase
G1, S-DNA synthesis, and G2
