Test 2

Question 1

What domains are prokaryote cells classified in?

Answer 1

Bacteria and archea

Question 2

Are prokaryotes smaller or larger than eukaryote cells?

Answer 2

Smaller

Question 3

Prokaryote cell’s size allows them to what?

Answer 3

Reproduce very quickly and effectively

Question 4

The region in a prokaryote cell where the genetic material is located

Answer 4

Nucleoid

Question 5

Compartments that are specialized for specific cellular functions

Answer 5

Organelles

Question 6

Encloses the cytoplasm; regulates interactions with the external environment

Answer 6

Plasma membrane

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

Contains the genetic material (DNA); nucleolus is the site of ribosome formation

Question 8

Location where polypeptides and proteins are formed

Answer 8

Ribosomes

Question 9

Small sacs that move materials between organelles in the endomembrane system

Answer 9

Vesicles

Question 10

Component of the endomembrane System that has ribosomes attached; synthesizes proteins

Answer 10

Rough ER

Question 11

Endomembrane system organelle where lipids and some carbohydrates are synthesized; detoxifies some chemicals

Answer 11

Smooth RE

Question 12

Processing and packaging center

Answer 12

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Vesicle that contains enzymes that break down incoming molecules and cellular components

Answer 13

Lysosome

Question 14

Site of photosynthesis and carbohydrate formation

Answer 14

Chloroplast

Question 15

Site of cellular respiration and ATP synthesis

Answer 15

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Layer of cellulose that supports cells

Answer 16

Cell wall

Question 17

Internal framework of protein fibers: moves organelles and maintains cell shape

Answer 17

Cytoskeleton

Question 18

Involved in moving the cell or moving materials along the surface of the cell

Answer 18

Flagella and cilia

Question 19

Name the types of junctions?

Answer 19

Adhesion junctions, tight junctions, gap junctions and plasmodesmata

Question 20

Junctions that hold cells together

Answer 20

Adhesion junctions and tight junctions

Question 21

A junction that allows the passage of small molecules between cells

Answer 21

Gap junction

Question 22

Small membrane-lined channels that span the cell wall and contains strands of cytoplasm, which allows materials to pass from one cell to another

Answer 22

Plasmodesmata

Question 23

The capacity to do work

Answer 23

Energy

Question 24

What are the two basic forms of energy

Answer 24

Potential and kinetic

Question 25

Potential energy

Answer 25

Stored energy

Question 26

Kinetic energy

Answer 26

Energy of motion

Question 27

The relative amount of disorganization

Answer 27

Entropy

Question 28

The energy currency of cells

Answer 28

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 29

Protein molecules that function as organic catalysts to speed up chemical reactions

Answer 29

Enzymes

Question 30

The reactant molecules that the enzyme acts on

Answer 30

Substrates

Question 31

The energy needed to cause molecules to react to one another

Answer 31

Energy of activation

Question 32

The three ways substances can enter a cell

Answer 32

Passive transport, active transport and bulk transport

Question 33

A form of passive transport in which molecules move down their concentration gradient until equilibrium is achieved

Answer 33

Diffusion

Question 34

Occurs when an ion or molecule diffuses across a membrane with assistance of a channel protein or carrier protein

Answer 34

Facilitated diffusion

Question 35

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 35

Osmosis

Question 36

Transporta macromolecules out of a cell via vesicle formation and often results in secretion

Answer 36

Exocytosis

Question 37

Transports macromolecules into a cell via vesicle formation

Answer 37

Endocytosis

Question 38

Makes use of receptor proteins in the plasma membrane

Answer 38

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 39

Photosynthesis

Answer 39

A process in which water is oxidized and carbon dioxide is reduced using solar energy

Question 40

The combination of a reduction and a oxidation

Answer 40

Redox reaction

Question 41

What are the four phases of complete glucose breakdown

Answer 41

Glycolysis, preparatory reaction, citric acid cycle ,then electron transport chain

Question 42

What are the two types of fermentation

Answer 42

Lactic acid and alcohol

Question 43

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 43

Cytoplasm

Question 44

What is gained in glycolysis?

Answer 44

2 ATP and NADH

Question 45

Where does the preparatory reaction take place?

Answer 45

Matrix of the mitochondria

Question 46

What is gained in the preparatory reaction?

Answer 46

CO2 and NADH

Question 47

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

Answer 47

The matrix of the mitochondria

Question 48

What is gained in the citric acid cycle?

Answer 48

NADH, FADH2, CO2, and 2 ATP

Question 49

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

Answer 49

In the cristae of the mitochondria

Question 50

What is gained from the electron transport chain?

Answer 50

34 ATP and H2O