Chapter 8--Cancer

Question 1

What is a neoplasm?

Answer 1

Also called a tumour; a mass of tissue that serves no physiological purpose

Question 2

Stages of tumour development are as follows: Hyperplasia

Answer 2

The cell divides too much than it should

Question 3

Dysplasia

Answer 3

The cells take on a different shape

Question 4

In situ cancer

Answer 4

This type of cancer is diagnised whe the cancer is found in the location it was first formed

Question 5

LOcalized invasive tumour

Answer 5

Spread to nearby tissues but has not spread beyond the boundaries of organ of origin

Question 6

Metastasis

Answer 6

The tumour spreads suchthat ir can shed malignant cells into a blood vessel or the lymphatic vessel, the cells can travel to distant sites and create new tumours

Question 7

Secondary tumours are also known as_____

Answer 7

metastates

Question 8

The cancer is typically small and hasn’t spread outside the origin. This is characteristic of what stage if cancer?

Answer 8

Stage 1

Question 9

The cancer has spread to a distant site in the body through blood vessels and the lymphatic system. What stage of cancer?

Answer 9

Stage 4

Question 10

The tumour has spread to nearby tissues outside the organ it started in. What stage of cancer?

Answer 10

Stage 2 and 3

Question 11

Cancers arising from bone, cartilage and striated muscle are known as___________-

Answer 11

Sacromas

Question 12

What percentage of females have breast cancer?

Answer 12

25%

Question 13

What percentage of males have prostate cancer?

Answer 13

20.3%

Question 14

What percentage of females have ovarian cancer?

Answer 14

2.7%

Question 15

__________percent of cancers diagnised is lung cancers

Answer 15

13

Question 16

The chief risk factor for lung cancer is –____________

Answer 16

Tobacco smoke

Question 17

The third most common cancer among both men and women is ________________

Answer 17

colon and rectal cancer

Question 18

Three risk factors for colon and rectal cancers include

Answer 18

• age
• lifestyle
• genetics

Question 19

majority of colorectal cancers are diagnosed in people aged__________

Answer 19

50 and older

Question 20

A screening test where a fibre-optic device is inserted through the rectum is known as ________________

Answer 20

sigmoidoscopy

Question 21

About ___ in ____ women will develop breast cancer during her life time

Answer 21

1 in 8

Question 22

A strong factor for breast cancer is ___________

Answer 22

Genetics

Question 23

breast implants and abortions can increase the incidence of breast cancer. true or false

Answer 23

False

Question 24

The five-year survival rate of breast cancer across all ages is______

Answer 24

87%

Question 25

Mastectomy refers to_____________

Answer 25

the removal of the breast

Question 26

SERM means_________________

Answer 26

selective estrogen receptor modulators

Question 27

SERM acts like estrogen in some tissues of the body but _____________

Answer 27

blocks its effects in others

Question 28

The third leading cause of cancer death among men in Canada is ______________

Answer 28

Prostate cancer

Question 29

The strongest predictor of the risk of prostate cancer is _______

Answer 29

age

Question 30

For prostate cancer, genetics is responsible for about _____to______ percent of cases

Answer 30

5 to 20

Question 31

**Early** prostate cancer has which of the following symptoms: 1. headache 2. enlarged thyroid gland 3. mucous in the urine 4. none of the above

Answer 31

none of the above

Question 32

What are two warning signs of prostate cancer?

Answer 32

Changes in urinary frequency and weak or interrupted urinary flow

Question 33

PSA means___________

Answer 33

Prostate specific antigen

Question 34

A low proportion of unbound (free) PSA is associated with a __________ risk of prostate cancer. a. higher risk b. lower risk

Answer 34

higher risk

Question 35

PSA made by healthy prostate cells are normally bound in the blood. True or False.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

_________of women with breast cancer report a history of GBV

Answer 36

42.3%

Question 37

Almost all cases of cervical cancer stem from________

Answer 37

Infection bu the human papilloma virus (HPV)

Question 38

Apart from the HPV, what other causes of cervical cancer are present?

Answer 38

-Smoking - Genital herpes - Bacterium that causes Chlamydia

Question 39

Doses of the HPV vaccine are given ________ months apart

Answer 39

Six

Question 40

Examination of cervical cells for cancer is known as

Answer 40

Pap test

Question 41

The ABCDE of melanoma stands for...

Answer 41

A Asymmetry B Border C Colour D Diameter E Evolve

Question 42

About _______ to ___________ percent of all cancers have a strong hereditary componenet.

Answer 42

5 to 10 %

Question 43

What percentage of HPV and sexually active people have cervical cancer?

Answer 43

75%

Question 44

UVA contains ______________ wavelengths

Answer 44

Longer

Question 45

What range of percentages of cancers around the world are associated with microbes?

Answer 45

15% to 20%

Question 46

Mel loves her grandmother's attic because she used to play there as a child with her other cousins. Now that she's grown up, the attic is unused. It's poorly ventilated, dusty and most likely home to some rodents. She spends a lot of time there, now that she's with her grandma again. Some weeks later she experiences a recurring cough and goes to the hospital to get it checked out. She has lung cancer. What chemical element is likely responsible for this? a. Oxygen b. hydrogen c. radon d. carbon

Answer 46

c. radon