Chapter 8- Cardiovascular Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
flat, leaf shaped structures that comprise the valves of the heart and prevent the backflow of blood
A
leaflets
2
Q
backflow or ejecting of contents through an opening
A
regurgitation
2
Q
Tubular space or channel within an organ or structure of the body; space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube
A
lumen
3
Q
circular muscles found in a tubular structure or hallow organ that constrict or dilate to regulate passage of substance through its opening
A
sphincters
4
Q
narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel that limits blood flow, usually as a result of diseases, medications, or physiological processes
A
vasoconstriction
5
Q
widening of the lumen of a blood vessel caused by the relaxing of the muscles of the vascular walls
A
vasodilation
6
Q
thickness or a measure of how resistant a liquid is to flowing
A
viscosity
7
Q
aneurysm/o
A
aneurysm (wide blood vessel)
8
Q
angi/o
Vascul/o
A
vessel (usually blood or lymph)
9
Q
aort/o
A
aorta
10
Q
arteri/o
A
artery
11
Q
arteriol/o
A
arteriole
12
Q
atri/o
A
atrium
13
Q
cardi/o
coron/o
A
heart
14
Q
ather/o
A
fatty plaque
15
Q
electr/o
A
electricity
16
Q
embol/o
A
embolus (plug)
17
Q
hemangi/o
A
blood vessel
18
Q
my/o
A
muscle
19
Q
phleb/o
ven/o
A
vein
20
Q
scler/o
A
hardening; sclera (white part of the eye)
21
Q
sept/o
A
septum
22
Q
sphygm/o
A
pulse
23
Q
sten/o
A
narrowing; stricture
24
thromb/o
blood clot
25
valv/o
valvul/o
valve
26
ventriclul/o
ventricle (of the heart and brain)
27
-cardia
heart condition
28
-stenosis
narrowing, stricture
29
localized abnormal dilation, of a vessel, usually and artery
aneurysm
30
chest pains caused by obstructions or spasms of the coronary arteries that decrease blood flow to the myocardium, also called angina pectoris
angina
31
irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart: also called dysrhythmia
arrhythmia
32
abnormally slow heart rate, usually fewer than 60 bpm in a resting adult
bradycardia
33
abnormal rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or the ventricles
fibrillation
34
interference with the normal transmission of electrical impulses from the SA node to the Purkinje fibers
heart block
35
abnormally fast but regular rhythm, with the heart possibly beating up to 200 BPM
tachycardia
36
soft, blowing sound heard on auscultation and associated valvular action, the movement of blood as it passes an obstruction, or both: also called murmur
bruit
37
disease or weakening of heart muscles that diminishes cardiac function
cardiomyopathy
38
narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta
coarctation
39
intravascular mass that dislodges from one part of the body and causes a blockage in another area, commonly leading to life-threatening situations
embolism
40
disorder that occurs when the heart is unable to effectively pump the quantity of blood required by the body
heart failure (HF)
41
excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipid, and triglycerides) in the blood
hyperlipidemia
42
elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg
hypertension (HTN)
43
low blood pressure persistently lower than 90/60 mm Hg
hypotension
44
structural defect in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction (systole), resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood
miteal valve prolapse (MVP)
45
sensation of an irregular heartbeat, commonly described as pounding, racing, skipping a beat, or flutter
palpitation
46
common circulatory disorder characterized by a reduced flow of blood to the extremities, especially the legs, resulting in muscle cramping and pain, and commonly the result of atherosclerosis
peripheral artery disease (PAD)
47
inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of the arms or legs ((more commonly the legs)
phlebitis
48
serious pathological condition resulting from rheumatic fever, commonly causing permanent scarring of the heart valves, especially the mitral valve
rheumatic hear disease (RHD)
49
partial or complete loss of consciousness usually caused by a decreases supply of blood to the brain; also called fainting
syncope
50
abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formation
thrombosis
51
blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs; also called deep venous thrombosis
deep vein
52
procedure that graphically records the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs
electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)
53
procedure that uses a small, portable system to record and store the electrical activity of the heart over 24 to 48 hour period; also called event monitor test
Holter Monitor Test
54
ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (bicycle or treadmill)
stress test
55
blood test that measures the presence and amount of several substances released by the heart when it is damages or under stress; also called cardiac enzyme test
cardiac biomarkers
56
series of blood tests (total cholesterol, high-density, lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease
lipid panel
57
procedure that records a radiographic image of the inside of a blood vessel (angiogram) after injection of a contrast medium
angiography
58
angiography of the aorta and its branched after injection of a contrast medium
aortography
59
specialized type of angiography that helps diagnose stenosis or obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle
coronary angiography
60
ultrasonography used to assess the direction and speed of blood flow through blood vessels by reflecting sound waves off red blood cells; also called ultrasonography using sound pitch
Doppler US
61
Ultrasound procedure that determines blood flow problems caused by blood clots, plaque, or tears on the walls of the carotid arteries
carotid artery US
62
ultrasound test that procedures moving images of blood passing through the heart, valves, and chambers, and assesses cardiac output
echocardiography
63
noninvasive imaging test using a radioactive tracer in conjunction with a stress test to show how well blood flows through (perfuses) the heart muscle at rest and during exercise; also called nuclear stress test
myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)
64
myocardial perfusion test that involves injection of the radioactive tracer into the blood while a gamma camera moves in a circle around the patient to create individual images as "slices" of the heart (tomography)
single- photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
65
specialized MRI procedure that provides images of the heart chambers, valves, major vessels, and pericardium
cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
66
type of MRI that provides highly detailed images of blood vessels
magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
67
nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracer to detect how effectively the heart walls move as they contact and then calculates the ejection fraction rate (amount of blood the ventricle can pump out in one contraction)
multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) Scan
68
passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart
cardiac cauterization (CC)
69
special cauterization test that involves insertion of electrode catheters into the heart to study and map the conduction system and safely reproduce the abnormal heart rhythm affecting the patient's heart
electrophysiology study (EPS)
70
endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessel to restore forward blood flow
angioplasty
71
angioplasty of the coronary arteries that involves insertion of a balloon catheter through the right femoral artery to site of stenosis to enlarge the lumen of the artery and restore blood flow
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ( PTCA)
72
procedure in which a catheter is inserted through a vein in the groin and threaded to the heart to correct structural problems in the heart that cause an arrythmia
cardiac ablation
73
placement of a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked area of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle
coronary artery
74
small, battery-powered device inserted within the chest pf a patient who is at high risk for developing an arrythmia, such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or cardiac arrest; also called automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillation (AICD)
implantable cardioverter-defibrillation (ICD)
75
surgical procedure in which the sternum is cut in half vertically to open the chest and expose the heart, its valves, or the arteries
open heart surgery
76
implantation of a battery- powered device inside the chest to control the heart rate and rhythm
pacemaker insertion
77
lifesaving emergency treatment to restart the heart in cardiorespiratory arrest by delivering high-voltage electrical current through the heart
defibrillation
78
defibrillation technique using low-energy shocks to reset the heart's rhythm back to its normal pattern
cardioversion
