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Lx 104 > Chapter 8 Configure Basic NETWORK > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Configure Basic NETWORK Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

What are the internet transport layer protocols moo

A

IP->internet protocol

  • > core of tcp/ip processing
  • > provides best effort for transferring packets between computers
  • > Supports 4bn devices

IPv6

  • > update to original ip stack
  • > 128 bit addresses
  • > new feature : SLAAC -stateless addresses auto-configuration

ICMP

  • > internet message control protocol
  • > most often used to send error messages between computers.

UDP

  • > user datagram protocol
  • > simplest of of the common transport layer
  • > faster than more sophisticated tools
  • > DNS, NFS, STREAMING

TCP/IP

  • > transmission control protocol
  • > full connection with error checking.
  • > small performance penalty
  • > SMTP, HTTP, FTP
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2
Q

explain OSI vs TCP/IP reference model

A
  1. Application
  2. Presentation 4. Application
  3. Session
  4. transport 3. Transport
  5. Network 2. Internet
  6. Data Link 1. Network
  7. Physical
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3
Q

fins the hardware address of eth0

A

ifconfig eth0

returns
eth Link encap:ethernet HWaddr: 00:A0:
CC:24:BA:02

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4
Q

what is ARP

A

Address resolution protocol

–> converts between ip and MAC address

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5
Q

what is NDP

A

Neighbor discovery Protocol

  • ->converts between ip and MAC address
  • ->IPv6
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6
Q

how does ARP work

A
  • -> computer sends out broadcast on network to all computers
  • ->query Computers with IP to identify itself
  • ->reply that comes in contains a hardware address

thus all traffic directed towards a IP can be redirected towards the HWaddr.

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7
Q

explain IPv6 structure

A

–>8 groups of 4 hexadecimal numbers, seperated by “:”

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8
Q

What types of addresses does IPv6 use?

A

Link-Local

Global

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9
Q

What is the Ipv6 defacto standard for local addresses

A

fe80: 0000:0000:0000:

- -> non routable

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10
Q

What is a network mask?

A

–>also known as a subnet mask
–> identifies the portion of a IP address that is a
#network address
# Computer address

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11
Q

What is CIDR

A

–> Classless interdomain routing

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12
Q

IPv4 Network Class A

A

1.0.0.0

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13
Q

IPv4 Network Class B

A

128.0.0.0

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14
Q

IPv4 Network Class C

A

192.0.0.0

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15
Q

IPv4 Network Class D

A

224.0.0.0

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16
Q

IPv4 Network Class E

A

240.0.0.0

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17
Q

Name the 3 Private IPv4 class ranges

A
  1. 0.0.0 Class A
  2. 16.0.0 Class B
  3. 168.0.0 Class C
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18
Q

Name three common Linux DHCP clients

A

–> pump
–> dhclient
–> dhcpcd
(not to be confused with dhcpd,which is the DHCP server

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19
Q

where is the Red Hat/ Fedora startup script for DHCP

A

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-name

name –> name of network interface

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20
Q

where is the Ubuntu startup script for DHCP

A

/etc/network/interfaces

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21
Q

How do you run dhcp client manually

A

$ dhclient eth0

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22
Q

what must you do if network lacks DHCP server

A
  • ->IP
  • -> Network Mask
  • ->Gateway Address
  • -> DNS settings
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23
Q

How do you change the ip

A

ifconfig eth0 up 192.168.0.1 netmask mask

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24
Q

How do you add a default gateway

A

route add default gw 192.168.0.1

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25
what does "$route -n " do
cause route not to resolve host names
26
How do you enable Linux to act as a router and forward packages
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
27
How to set Linux to permanently act as router and forward packets
set /etc/sysctl.conf: | net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 or for other distros find using grep and find ip_forward
28
Hostnames are comprised of two parts, what are they?
- -> Machine Names - refers to computer name | - -> Domain Names - refers to the collection of computers
29
what is TLD
Top Level Domain - > .com - > .edu
30
What is DNS
- > Domain Name System | - > Converts between IP addresses and Host names
31
Name 4 utilities that can help you with DNS fault finding
- >nslookup - > host - > dig - > whois
32
features of nslookup
- > performs a DNS lookup and returns results - > Supports interactive mode: perform a series of queries - > Deprecated: no longer maintained - > rather use host/dig
33
features of host command
- > simpler than lookup - > lack interactivity mode - > add various options to tweak basic operation
34
features of dig
- > more complex lookup than host - > can find it to find single ip for a host name - > but it can me used for complex tasks
35
features of whois
-> looks up info on domain name as a whole -> returns eg. whois sybex.com +who owns sybex + who to contact in case of problems + -H to omit lengthy legal disclaimers
36
what should be standard in any /etc/hosts file
127.0.0.1 localhost
37
describe a typical row in /etc/hosts
192.168.7.23 apollo.luna.edu apollo 1st - ip 2nd full hostname 3 + aliases for full host name
38
how can you refer to computers by name
by adding it to the /etc/hosts file note -> linux looks in the hosts file before DNS - To modify change /etc/nsswitch.conf: hosts: file dns->switch around -> it is purely local files to work an entire network you must configure the hosts file on all computers on LAN . Rather use DNS
39
what is /etc/networks
-> it is similar to hosts -> applies to network addresses structure name ip loopback 127.0.0.1
40
Network Port: 20
FTP data
41
Network Port: 21
FTP
42
Network Port: 22
ssh
43
Network Port: 23
Telnet
44
Network Port: 25
SMTP - Simple Mail transfer Protocol
45
Network Port: 53
DNS
46
Network Port: 67
DHCP
47
Network Port: 80
HTTP
48
Network Port: 110
POP3 - Post Office Protocol
49
Network Port: 111
Port Mapper
50
Network Port: 113
auth/ident
51
Network Port: 119
NNTP Network News transfer Protocol
52
Network Port: 123
NTP Network Time Protocol
53
Network Port: 139
Net Bios Session
54
Network Port: 143
IMAP Interactive Mail Access Protocol
55
Network Port: 161
SNMP Simple network management protocol
56
Network Port: 389
LDAP
57
Network Port: 443
HTTP over SSL
58
Network Port: 445
Microsoft directory service SAMBA
59
Network Port: 465
SMTP over SSL
60
Network Port: 541
Remote System Login
61
Network Port: 631
Internet Printing Protocol
62
Network Port: 636
LDAP over SSL | Light weight directory access protocol
63
Network Port: 993
IMAP over SSL
64
Network Port: 995
POP3 over SSL
65
Network Port: 6000- 6007
The X Window System
66
Distinction between privileged and unprivileged ports
Privileged ports less than 1024 | restricted to root
67
Difference between Client and servers
A client program initiates a network connection to exchange data A Server Listens for such connections
68
where do you configure servers to ports
/etc/services
69
DSL stands for
Digital Subscriber Line
70
What is PPP
- > Login based way to access the internet - > initiates connection to remote computer - > DSL use PPP over EtherNet (PPPoE)
71
What is the mostbasic network test
ping
72
How does ping work
- > send ICMP to specific system and awaits for a reply - > -c for limited number of counts - > by pinging systems on local and remote networks you can isolate where the problem is
73
ping for IPv6
ping6 | -> need to specify interface if multiple interfaces are available with % after link-local address
74
what is trace route
- > step up from ping - > sends a series of 3 packets to each computer - > -n for Ip rather than Hostname
75
netstat -i
obtain information about your network interfaces
76
netstat --r
- -route | - -> obtain routing table listing
77
netstat -M
--masqueradeobtain info of Linux NAT
78
What is NAT
Network address Translation | -- Nat hides a network behind a single IP
79
netstat -p
--program | provides info about programs using network connections
80
netstat
returns info about open ports and systems to which they connect
81
netstat -a
--all | netstat to display all info about ports and the systems to which they connect
82
What is tcpdump
- > Network troubleshooting tool - > a packet sniffer: intercept network packets and log/display them - > must be run as root
83
tcpdump return lines include
- > timestamp - > stack identifier - > origen system name - > Destination System Name - > port - > packet specific info
84
what is telnet
-> remote login tool -> can be used as debugging tool -> unencrypted -> should remove telnet server from system $ telnet speaker
85
what is the HELO command used for
it is used um SMTP to identify a client | $ HELO nessus.example.com

Lx 104 (3 decks)

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