Chapter 8: Controls & Displays (TEST 2)

Question 1

What is a display and its purpose

Answer 1

A display is a device or interface that presents information to the user.

To convey information about a certain entity in our environment or surrounding

Question 2

Types of display

Answer 2

visual, auditory, tactual, and olfactory

Question 3

Main issue of visual displays

Answer 3

easily overloaded

Question 4

Types of visual displays

Answer 4

1. Quantitative
2. Qualitative
3. Check Reading
4. Situation Awareness

Question 5

Quantitative display

Answer 5

Numerical information is critical to decision-making

Changes in numerical information reflect system status

Usually digital or other fixed-number output

Question 6

Qualitative display

Answer 6

Approximates values, trends, rate of change or direction

Shape, spatial arrangement, movement, and color convey meaning

There is a range of normality or abnormality

Question 7

Check Reading display

Answer 7

gives you the status of parameter

Question 8

Situation Awareness display

Answer 8

similar to check reading, but used to aid
in prediction of future states

Ex: gas is low indicator tells you that you will run out of gas soon

Question 9

What is the main issue of Auditory displays

Answer 9

reduction in hearing ability over a workday for noise environments/fading into background noise

Question 10

Purpose of Auditory displays

Answer 10

Warning/alarm signals
Aids for the blind

Question 11

Main issue of olfactory display

Answer 11

low sense of smell

Question 12

one use of olfactory display

Answer 12

Warnings( e.g. rotten eggs for natural gas leak)

Question 13

Tactual display’s main issue

Answer 13

rarely used, difficulty in using body parts other than the hands

Question 14

What is a control

Answer 14

A control is any interface element or device that a user can manipulate to operate or influence a system or machine

Question 15

Purpose of a control

Answer 15

Transmit information to some device, mechanism, or system

Question 16

Discrete

Answer 16

limited number of conditions

Question 17

Continuous

Answer 17

infinite number of options

Question 18

Name all 5 Types of coding for ease of identification

Answer 18

Color Coding
Shape Coding
Size Coding
Location Coding
Labeling

Question 19

Color Coding

Answer 19

Using different colors to signify different functions

Question 20

Shape Coding

Answer 20

Giving controls distinct shapes

Question 21

Size Coding

Answer 21

Larger controls for more critical functions that need immediate attention

Question 22

Location Coding

Answer 22

Grouping related controls together to help users find the right one quickly

Question 23

Labeling

Answer 23

Adding clear and descriptive text to each control to clarify its function

Question 24

Control-response ratio (C/R)
What is a Low C/R ratio and High C/R ratio

Answer 24

ratio of control movement to movement
of the system’s response
Low C/R ratios are sensitive
High C/R ratios are not sensitive

Question 25

Why should controls have resistance

Answer 25

avoid inadvertent activation of the control

Question 26

Dead Space

Answer 26

amount of control movement around the null position that doesn’t result in activation

Question 27

Types of Resistance

Answer 27

Elastic Viscous Static/Coulomb Inertia

Question 28

Elastic Resistance

Answer 28

After movement of the control, it will return to the null position

Question 29

Viscous Resistance

Answer 29

Amount of resistance related to velocity of control movement

Question 30

What device does not have resistance

Answer 30

touchscreen

Question 31

Static/Coulomb Resistance

Answer 31

Resistance is greatest at the initiation of control movement

Question 32

Inertia Resistance

Answer 32

Resistance due to the mass of the mechanism (hard to start and hard to stop; hard to make fine adjustments)

Question 33

Name all types of controls and their respective uses

Answer 33

Cranks & handwheels: Used to apply force Knobs: Used to apply torque Stick-type Controls Multifunction hand controls: no need to look at the control to operate, operator is in constant contact with the control Foot Controls: Used for force Multifunction

Question 34

Name the 3 special control devices

Answer 34

Membrane Keypads Speech Activated Controls Eye Activated Controls

Question 35

Membrane Keypads problems

Answer 35

Require more force—small activation area in the center of the key versus depression of keyboard key at any spot Contact areas are difficult to locate (keys are not easily separable by touch, require visual contact to operate)

Question 36

Speech Activated Controls problems

Answer 36

Limited vocabulary Significant pauses between words (requires training to speak like this) Individual differences (accents may interfere with word recognition) Changes in voice due to fatigue, stress, emergencies, etc.

Question 37

Eye Activated Controls problems

Answer 37

Overburden visual system Vibrations distort eye control Distractions cause eye shifts Delays in ensuring eye activation