Chapter 8- Digestive System Flashcards
(126 cards)
0
Q
Or/o Stomat/o
A
Mouth
1
Q
Pharyng/o
A
Pharynx
2
Q
Esophag/o
A
Esophagus
3
Q
Gastr/o
A
Stomach
4
Q
Enter/o
A
Small Intestine
5
Q
Col/o, Colon/o
A
Large Intestines
6
Q
an/o
A
Anus, ring
7
Q
Rect/o
A
Rectum, straight
8
Q
Proct/o
A
Anus and rectum
9
Q
Hepat/o
A
Liver
10
Q
Cholecyst/o
A
Gallbladder
11
Q
Pancreat/o
A
Pancreas
12
Q
What transports food from mouth to esophagus
A
Pharynx
13
Q
Transports food from pharynx to stomach
A
Esophagus
14
Q
Breaks down food, mixes it with digestive juices
A
Stomach
15
Q
Completes digestion and absorption of most nutrients
A
Small Intestine
16
Q
Absorbs water and prepares solid waste for elimination
A
Large Intestine
17
Q
Controls excretion of solid waste from body
A
anus rectum
18
Q
Stores bile, releases it into small intestine as needed
A
gall bladder
19
Q
Secrets bile and enzymes to aid in digestion of fats
A
Liver
20
Q
Secretes digestive juices and enzymes into small intestine
A
Pancreas
21
Q
Chol/e
A
Bile, Gall
22
Q
-emesis
A
Vomiting
23
Q
-lithiasis
A
presence of stones
24
-pepsia
digest, digestion
25
-phagia
eating, swallowing
26
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
27
TPN
total parenteral nutrition
28
TMD
temporomandibular disorders
29
PU
peptic ulcers
30
MO
morbid obesity
31
j, jaund
jaundice
32
IO
intestinal obstruction
33
IH
inguinal hernia
34
ICS
ileocecal sphincter
35
GE
gastroenteritis
36
EV
esophageal varices
37
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
38
CRC
colorectal carcinoma
39
COL
colonoscopy
40
CIR, CIRR
cirrhosis
41
CCE, chole
cholecystectomy
42
BIL, Bil, bili
bilirubin
43
structures
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, SI, LI, rectum, anus
44
Accessory organs
liver, gallbladder, pancreas
45
Upper GI tract
Mouth stomach esophagus
46
Lower GI tract
SI LI rectum anus
47
oral cavity
lips hard and soft palates salivary glands tongue teeth periodontium
48
papillae
contain taste buds
49
lingual frenum
attaches tongue to floor of mouth
50
periodontium
bone and soft tissue surround and support teeth
51
gingiva
gums
52
dentition
natural teeth arrangement in upper and lower jaws
53
4 types of teeth
canines, incisors, premolars, molars
54
baby teeth
20 teeth
55
adult teeth
32 teeth
56
occlusion
contact between chewing surface of upper and lower teeth
57
teeth structure
```
crown (covered in enamel)
roots (protected by cementum)
cervix (crown and root meet)
Dentin (bulk of tooth)
pulp ( blood supply to tooth)
```
58
Salivary glands
parotid (on face infront of and slightly lower than ears)
sublingual (floor of mouth under tongue)
submandibular (floor of mouth near mandible)
59
epiglottis
closes entrance to trachea
60
lower esophageal sphincter
controls flow between esophagus and stomach
61
stomach structure
fundus (upper rounded part)
body (main)
antrum (lower)
62
Rugae
folds in mucosa lining glands within folds produce gastric juices
63
pylorus
connects stomach with SI
64
pyloric sphincter
controls flow from stomach to SI
65
SI 3 sections
| SI is 20 ft long
duodenum (chyme mixed with pancreatic juices and bile)
jejunum (secretes large amounts of digestive enzymes)
ileum (absorbs nutrients)
66
LI structures
| 5ft long
Cecum
Colon
rectum and anus
67
cecum structure
( ileocecal sphincter -flow from ileum to LI, vermiform appendix- hangs from lower portion)
68
colon 4 parts
asending
transverse
decending
sigmoid
69
Liver functions
removes excess glucose
destroys old RBC
secretes bile
70
biliary tree
channels bile is transported from liver to SI
71
anabolism, catabolism
building up body cells or substances from nutrients
| breaking down body cells or substances
72
lacteal
transport fat and fat solubles via lymphatic vessels
73
mastication
chewing
74
LI
excess water reabsorbed into the body
75
Bariatrics
branch of medicine prevention and control of obesity
76
internist
physician specialized in diagnosising and treating internal organs and related body systems
77
orthodontist
dental specialist prevents corrects maloccusion of teeth and related facial structures
78
periodontist
specializes in treating and preventing disorders of tissues surrounding teeth
79
myc
fungus
80
bruxism
grinding of teeth
81
dental caries
cavities
82
dysphagia
painful difficult swallowing
83
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
84
pyrosis
heartburn
85
peptic ulcer types
gastric (stomach)
duodenal (upper part of SI)
perforating (ulcer erodes though entire thickness of organ wall)
86
cachexia
losing body weight muscle mass due to illness
87
pica
abnormal craving for nonfood substance
88
malabsorption
SI can not absorb nutrients
89
aer/o
air
90
-phagia
swallowing
91
dyspepsia
pain or discomfort digesting
92
eructation
belching
93
hematemsis
vomiting blood
94
diverticulum
pouch sac in lining of wall of tubular organ
95
ileus
partial or complete blockage of SL and or LI
96
ulcerative colitis
chronic episodes of inflammation of rectum and LI
97
chrones disease
autoimmune disorder penetrates every layer of affected area
98
intestinal adhesions
abnormal hold of intestine that should be seperate
99
volvulus
twisting of intestine on itsself
100
amebic dysentary
one celled parasite caused
101
botulism
food poisoning
102
e. coli
contaminated food not properly cooked
103
salmonellosis
food contaminated with feces
104
typhoid fever
eating food handled by typhoid carrier
105
melena
tar like foul smelling stool
106
hepatitis a
HAV- contaminated food and water
107
hepatitis b
HBV-bloodborne disease (has vaccine)
108
hepatitis c
HVC-bloodborne disease no vaccine present in body for years and destroy liver before symptoms appear
109
hepatitis d
HDV-bloodborne disease only occurs with hep b
110
Hepatitis e
HEV- contaminated food and water not common in us
111
NAFLD
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease - accumulation of fat in liver of those who dont drink alot
112
cholangitis
acute infection of bile duct
113
gallstone
biliary calculus, cholelith, cholelithiasis. hard deposit formed in gallbladder and bile ducts due to concentration of bile components
114
Diagnostic procedures of DS
CT
Abdominal ultrasound
anoscopy - rectum and anal canal exam
capsule endoscopy- tiny video camera in a capsule swallowed by patient
cholangiography- radiographic exam of bile ducts with contrast medium
esophagogastroduodenoscopy- endoscopic procedure visualizes upper GI tract
upper GI series- radiographic study of DS with contrast medium
Hemoccult test- lab test for hidden blood in stool
115
endoscopic procedures (endoscope used for visual exam of internal structures)
colonoscopy
| sigmoidoscopy
116
enema
solution placed in rectum and colon to empty lower intestine through bowel activity
117
palatoplasty
surgical repair of cleft lip or palate
118
medications of DS issues
antacids- neutralize acid
acid reducer-
antiemetic- prevent relieve nausea and vomiting
laxatives- stimulate bowel movement
ORT- oral rehydration therapy- electrolytes administered in liquid preperation.
119
nasogastric intubation
feeding tube through nose into stomach
120
gastrostomy
feeding tube surgically placed from exterior to stomach
121
total parenteral nutrition
intravenous nutrition for 10-12 hours
122
anastomosis
surgical connection between two hollow tubular structures
123
ostomy
surgical opening between organ and body surface
124
stoma
artificial opening created by ostomy
125
choledocholithotomy
removal of gall stones
