Chapter 8 Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
Dorsum
A
Upper surface of the tongue
2
Q
Periodontium
A
Structures that surround, support, and are attached to the teeth
3
Q
Odonti
A
Teeth
4
Q
Gingiva
A
Gums
5
Q
Sulcus
A
Area of space between a tooth and the surrounding gingiva
6
Q
occlusion
A
Any contact between the chewing surfaces of the upper and lower teeth
7
Q
Enamel
A
Hardest substance in the body
8
Q
Roots
A
Held in place by dental arch
9
Q
Cervix
A
Neck of the tooth
10
Q
Dentin
A
Portion that is above the gum line and covered with enamel
11
Q
Pulp Cavity
A
Area within the crown and roots of the tooth that is surrounded by the dentin to protect the pulp
12
Q
Pulp
A
Rich supply of blood vessels and nerves that provide nutrients and innervention to the tooth
13
Q
Deglutition
A
Swallowing
14
Q
Lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)
A
Sphincter inbetween stomach and esophagus
15
Q
Rugae
A
Folds in the mucosa lining allowing the stomach to increase and decrease in size, also has glands that produce gastric juices
16
Q
Gastric juices
A
Enzymes and hydrochloric acid begin food digestion
17
Q
Pyloric sphincter
A
Base of stomach that controls food from going from stomach to duodenum
18
Q
Small intestine order
A
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
19
Q
Pylorus
A
narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine
20
Q
ileocecal sphincter
A
Sphincter that controls the flow from the ileum to cecum
21
Q
Vermiform appendix
A
Hangs from cecum, made of lymphoid tissue
22
Q
Cecum
A
below iliocecal sphincter
23
Q
sigmoid
A
Curved like letter S
24
Q
Anus
A
Internal and external anal sphincter
25
Ano
Anus
26
Rect
Rectum
27
Bile
Aids in digestion of fats, necessary for the digestion of fat
28
Chol/e
Bile
29
Bilirubin
Pigment formed in the liver by the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreated in bile
30
Biliary tree
provides channels through which bile is transported from the liver to the small intestine
31
Common hepatic duct
Billiary channels connected into one trunk
32
Gallbladder
Stores bile for later use, can contract to squeeze out bile through biliary tree
33
Cholecyst
Gallbladder
34
Pancreas
Secretes pancreatic juices to aid in digestion and sodium bicarb to neutralize stomach acid
35
Metabol
Change
36
Anabolism
Building up body cells from nutrients
37
Catabolism
Breaking down of body cells releasing energy and carbon dioxide
38
Lacteals
Lymphatic vessels that absorb fats and fat soluable vitamins to be transported to the bloodstream
39
Mastication
Chewing
40
Bolus
Mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed
41
Chyme
Semifluid mass of partly digested food that passes out of the stomach through byloric sphincter to small intestine
42
Duodenum
Chyme mixes with pancreatic juice and bile (breaks down fat globules)
43
Jejunum
Secreates large amounts of digestive enzymes
44
Ileum
Absorbtion of nutrients
45
Borborygmus
Rubling noise caused by the movement of gas in intestine
46
Bariatrics
Branch of medicine concerned with prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases
47
enter
Small intestine
48
Peridontist
Dental specialist who prevents or treats disorders of the tissues surroudning the teeth
49
Proctologist
Physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus
50
Proct
anus and rectum
51
Canker Sores (aphthous ulcers)
Gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth
52
Cheilitis
Inflammation of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth
53
Cheil
Lips
54
Leukoplakia
Abnormal white usually benign lesion that develops on the tongue or inside of cheek
55
Stomatitis
Inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth
56
Stomat
Mouth or oral cavity
57
Trismus
Lockjaw restriction of the mouth caused by trama, surgery, or radiation
58
Xerostomia
Dry mouth
59
Xer/o
Dry
60
Bruxism
Involuntary grinding of teeth
61
Dental caries
Cavities
62
Dental plaque
Major cause of dental caries and peridontal disease
63
Edentulous
Without teeth
64
Halitosis
Bad breath
65
Halit
Breath
66
Malocclusion
Any deviation from the normal position of upper teeth against lower teeth
67
odont
Tooth or teeth
68
Dental calculus
Tartar dental plaque that has calcified on the teeth
69
Gingivitis
earliest stage of peridontal disease
70
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth
71
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Chronic immune system disease in which eosinophils builds up in the esophagus resulting in allergies to certain foods
72
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
upward flow of acid from the stomach to the esophagus
73
Barrett's esophagus
Cells in the epithelial tissues of the esophagus are damaged by chronic acid exposure
74
Stricture
Abnormally narrow esophagus from scar tissue
75
Pyrosis
Heart Burn
76
Esophageal Carices
Enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
77
Hiatal Hernia
Portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through the diaphragm
78
Gastritis
Common inflammation of the stomach lining that causes nausea and vomiting
79
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines
80
Gastroparesis
Condition in whihc gastric motility slows down, causing delayed gastric emptying
81
Paresis
Partial paralysis
82
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Characterized by sores that affect the mucous membrane of the digestive system
83
Pept
Digestion
84
Perforated Ulcer
Complication of a peptic ulcer in whihc the ulcer erodes through the entire thickness of the organ wall
85
Cachexia
condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with dieases such as advanced aids and cancer
86
Malabsorbtion
Condition in which the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients that pass through
87
malnutrition
Lack of proper food or nutrients in the body
88
Aerophagia
Excess air swallowing
89
Dypepsia
Indigestion
90
Emesis
Vomiting
91
Eruction
Belching or raising gas orally
92
Hematemesis
Vomiting coagulated blood
93
Hypermesis
Extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration
94
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
can cause gastrointestinal upset (gas, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, nausea
95
Diverticulosis
Chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula formed in weak spots
96
Diverticul
Diverticulum
97
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of one or more diverticulum in the colon
98
Enteritis
Inflammation of the small intestine caused by ingesting substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens which causes diarrhea
99
Ileus
Partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine
100
Ulcerative Colitis
Chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestines cause ulcers and irratation
101
Crohn's disease
Autoimmune disorder that attacks any type of digestive tract, penetrates every layer of affected track unlike Ulcerative Colitis
102
Volvulus
Twisting of the intestine
103
Rectocele
Bulging of the front wall of the rectrum into the vagina
104
-cele
Hernia
105
Hematochezia
Presence of bright red bool in stool
106
Melena
Black tarry foul-smelling stools
107
Steatorrhea
Presence of excess fat in the stool
108
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal caity
109
Cirrhosis
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring
110
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
More serious than NAFLD with fatty accumulations and liver-damaging inflammation
111
Seat/o
Fat
112
Cholangitis
Acute inflammation of the bile duct
113
Chonlang
Bile duct
114
Cholelithiasis
Precesnse of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
115
-occult
Hidden
116
Occlusal splint
prevents teeth grinding
