CHAPTER 8 (Fromm)

Question 1

The combination of animal instinct and presence of rational thoughts make humans freaks of the universe.

Answer 1

Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Question 2

Humans have been torn away from their prehistoric union with nature, and their facility to reason allows them to become aware of such separation

Answer 2

Human Dilemma

Question 3

What are the three Existential Dichotomies?

Answer 3

1. Life and Death
2. Self-realization and Life Span (time)
3. Aloneness and Union

Question 4

• Self-awareness leads to awareness of mortality.
• Attempts to cope include beliefs in life after death, but the fact remains that life ends with death.

Answer 4

Life and Death

Question 5

• Humans conceptualize complete self-realization but know life is too short to achieve it.
• Some cope by believing their era is the pinnacle of human achievement; others believe in continued development after death.

Answer 5

Self-Realization and Life Span

Question 6

• People are aware of themselves as separate individuals but seek union with others for happiness.
• This dichotomy cannot be completely resolved, but an attempt must be made to avoid insanity.

Answer 6

Aloneness and Union

Question 7

Humans have distinctive needs beyond physiological ones, rooted in their existence as a separate species.

Answer 7

Human Needs

Question 8

What are the Five Existential Needs?

Answer 8

1. Relatedness:
2. Transcendence:
3. Rootedness:
4. Sense of Identity:
5. Frame of Orientation:

Question 9

• Drive for union with others.
• Can be fulfilled through submission, power, or love.

Answer 9

Relatedness:

Question 10

Urge to rise above passive existence into purposefulness and freedom.

Answer 10

Transcendence:

Question 11

Need to establish roots or feel at home in the world.

Answer 11

Rootedness:

Question 12

Capacity to be aware of oneself as a separate entity.

Answer 12

Sense of Identity:

Question 13

Need for a roadmap to navigate the world

Answer 13

Frame of Orientation:

Question 14

Humans, unique in possessing self-awareness and reason, experience both the blessing and curse of freedom. They are torn from nature but remain part of it, subject to the same limitations as other animals.

Answer 14

Burden of Freedom

Question 15

What are the three Escape Mechanisms?

Answer 15

1. Authoritarianism
2. Destructiveness:
3. Conformity:

Question 16

Fusion of the self with a more powerful entity to alleviate feelings of weakness.

Answer 16

Authoritarianism

Question 17

Rooted in feelings of powerlessness, seeks to restore lost feelings of power by destroying others or objects.

Answer 17

Destructiveness

Question 18

Escape from aloneness and isolation by giving up individuality and conforming to others’ desires.

Answer 18

Conformity

Question 19

Achieved through spontaneous and full expression of rational and emotional potentialities.

Answer 19

Positive Freedom

Question 20

It refers to an individual’s relatively permanent way of relating to people and things

Answer 20

Character Orientations

Question 21

It is the acquired qualities of personality

Answer 21

Character

Question 22

What are the four Nonproductive Orientations?

Answer 22

1. Receptive:
2. Exploitative:
3. Hoarding:
4. Marketing:

Question 23

These characters believe that all good things come from outside themselves and that their role is to passively receive love, knowledge, and material possessions.

Answer 23

Receptive

Question 24

These characters aggressively take what they want, often using cunning or force.

Answer 24

Exploitative

Question 25

These characters focus on holding onto what they already possess, including money, feelings, and thoughts.

Answer 25

Hoarding

Question 26

These characters treat themselves as commodities, emphasizing their ability to adapt and sell themselves in modern commerce.

Answer 26

Marketing

Question 27

What are the three Productive Orientation?

Answer 27

1. Work: 2. Love: 3. Thinking:

Question 28

Refers to a love of death and is characterized by an attraction to destruction and decay. It goes beyond the sexual perversion and encompasses an overall preference for lifelessness over life.

Answer 28

Necrophilia

Question 29

A personality disorder that value everything they possess and devalue everything belonging to others. They have an inflated self-image and a sense of superiority over others.

Answer 29

Malignant Narcissism

Question 30

A personality disorder that is an extreme dependence on the mother or a mother substitute.

Answer 30

Incestuous Symbiosis

Question 31

A personality disorder that describe people who exhibit a combination of the three disorders—necrophilia, malignant narcissism, and incestuous symbiosis.

Answer 31

Syndrome of Decay