Chapter 8 + hurricane basics (atmosphere)

Question 1

tropical cyclone

Answer 1

large thunderstorm complexes rotating around an area of low pressure that have formed over warm tropical or subtropical ocean water

Question 2

hurricanes

Answer 2

tropical cyclones in ATLANTIC AND NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN

Question 3

min winds for hurricane

Answer 3

74 mph

Question 4

min ocean temp for hurricane

Answer 4

80 degrees F

Question 5

hurricanes start out as a

Answer 5

tropical disturbance

Question 6

elongated area of low pressure is a

Answer 6

trough

Question 7

when a low pressure cell forms, the hurricane is now a

Answer 7

tropical depression

Question 8

low pressure cell

Answer 8

circular areas of lower than normal atmospheric pressure that are associated with cloudy and rainy weather

Question 9

min winds for a tropical storm

Answer 9

63 kmh

Question 10

direction hurricanes circle in N hemi

Answer 10

counterclockwise around the low pressure cell

Question 11

how many states have coastal erosion

Answer 11

30

Question 12

3 tracks of hurricanes

Answer 12

1. towards florida but turns back before it can hit
2. passes cuba and hits gulf coast
3. skirts east coast

Question 13

most tsunamis come from what ocean?

Answer 13

pacific (85 percent)

Question 14

most serious tsunami threat

Answer 14

hawaii

Question 15

what is used to measure erosion

Answer 15

LIDAR

Question 16

where is the most erosion

Answer 16

cape cod, english norfolk coast, and then california

Question 17

rate of erosion depends on

Answer 17

resistance of earth materials

energy of waves

Question 18

hurricanes cause damage in 3 ways. what are they

Answer 18

1. storm surge
2. wind damage
3. freshwater flooding

Question 19

what causes the most fatalities in a hurricane

Answer 19

storm surge (90%)

Question 20

storm surge

Answer 20

local rise of sea level that results from hurricane winds pushing water towards the coast

Question 21

where do higher storm surges develop

Answer 21

on broad, shallow coastlines where wind-driven water slows down from friction with the ocean bottom
also when the tide is high

Question 22

WHERE ARE STORM SURGE AND WIND DAMAGE GREATEST IN HURRICANES

Answer 22

RIGHT FORWARD QUADRANT

Question 23

overwash

Answer 23

deposits formed by sand eroded from the beach and coastal sand dunes that is carried landward by the stomr

Question 24

washover channels

Answer 24

channels that the storm surge cuts through the beach and dunes perpendicular to the shoreline
particularly a problem on islands and peninsulas

Question 25

most washover channels are repaired naturally by

Answer 25

littoral drift and wave action in the months following the storm

Question 26

greatest velocity and precipitation of winds at the

Answer 26

eye wall

Question 27

eye wall

Answer 27

consists of the clouds and rain that surround the calm eye of the hurricane

Question 28

tsunami arrival can be predicted within

Answer 28

1.5 minutes

Question 29

ingredients for a hurricane

Answer 29

1. pre existing weather disturbance 2. warm tropical oceans 3. moisture 4. relatively light winds (low wind shear)

Question 30

average number of storms that develop per year

Answer 30

10 (6 become hurricanes)

Question 31

tropical depression

Answer 31

an organized system of clouds and thunderstorms with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 38 mph or less

Question 32

tropical storm

Answer 32

an organized system of strong thunderstorms with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 39-73mph

Question 33

hurricane

Answer 33

an intense tropical weather system of strong thunderstorms with a well defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 74 mph or greater

Question 34

eye forms due to

Answer 34

rapidly sinking air at the center dries and warms the area

Question 35

things that can end a hurricane

Answer 35

1. wind shear 2. cooler water or drier areas 3. landfall (Friction)

Question 36

a weakening hurricane can reintensify if it

Answer 36

moves into a more favorable region or interacts with mid latitude frontal systems

Question 37

how wide are typical hurricanes

Answer 37

300 miles wide

Question 38

hurricanes average forward speed

Answer 38

15-20 mph

Question 39

why is the right side of a hurricane most dangerous

Answer 39

1. the additive effect of the hurricane wind speed | 2. speed of the larger atmospheric flow

Question 40

low pressure center is formed during

Answer 40

tropical depression