Chapter 8 Intelligence Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 8 Intelligence Deck (28)
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1
Q

(g) general intelligence

A

cognitive processes that influence the ability to think and learn on all intellectual tasks

2
Q

fluid intelligence

A

ability to think on the spot and solve novel problems

3
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

factual knowledge about the world

4
Q

primary mental abilities

A

secen abilities proposes by Thurstone as crucial to intelligence

5
Q

three-stratum theory of intelligence

A

Carroll’s model that places g at the top of intelligence hierarchy, eight moderately general abilities in the middle, and many specific processes at the bottom

6
Q

Weschler intelligence scale for children (WISC)

A

widely used test designed to measure the intelligence of children 6 years and older (consistent with the three-stratum framework)

7
Q

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

A

quantitate measure, typically with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, used to indicate a Childs intelligence relative to that other children of the same age

8
Q

Normal distribution

A

pattern of data in which scores fall symmetrically around a mean value, with most scores falling close to the mean and fewer and fewer farther from it

9
Q

Standard deviation (SD)

A

measure of variability of scores in a distribution; in a normal distribution, 68% of scores fall within 1 SD, 95% within 2 SD and 98.7% within 3 SD.

10
Q

Do IQ scores even predict anything?

A

Yes, in fact higher IQ scores are strong indicators of academic, economic, and occupational success– strongly correlated.

11
Q

Self discipline

A

the ability to inhibit actions, follow rules, and avoid impulsive reactions (strongly correlated with high achievement)

12
Q

HOME (home observation for measurement of the environment) studies found…

A

positive correlation between high HOME scores and IQ tests, but causation is not certain..(experiments also took place in houses with biological parents)

13
Q

Flynn Effect

A

consistent rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the past 80 years in many countries (probably due to higher quality of life and improving societies)

14
Q

Multiple intelligence theory

A

Gardner’s theory of intellect, based on the view that people possess at least 8 types of intelligence (much less supported but positive in thought)

15
Q

Gardner’s 8 areas of intellect

A
  1. linguistic
  2. logical-mathematical
  3. spatial abilities
  4. musical
  5. naturalistic
  6. bodily-kinesthetic
  7. intrapersonal
  8. interpersonal
16
Q

Theory of successful intelligence

A

Sternberg’s theory of intellect, based on the view that intelligence is the ability to achieve success in life

17
Q

Phonemic Awareness

A

ability to identify component sounds in words

18
Q

Phonological Recording Skills

A

ability to translate letters into sounds and to blend sounds into words; informally called sounding out

19
Q

Visually based retrieval

A

proceeding directly from the visual form of a word to its meaning

20
Q

Strategy choice process

A

procedure for selecting among alternative ways to solve a problem

21
Q

Mental Model

A

Cognitive processes used to represent a situation or sequence of events

22
Q

Comprehension Monitoring

A

process of keeping track of one’s understanding of a verbal description or text

23
Q

Dyslexia

A

inability to read and spell well despite having normal intelligence

24
Q

Script

A

typical sequence of actions used to organize and interpret repeated events, such as eating at restaurants, going to doctors’ appointments, etc.

25
Q

Numerical magnitude representations

A

mental models of the sizes of numbers, ordered along a less-to-more dimension

26
Q

Mathematical equality

A

concept that the values on each side of the equal sign must be equivalent

27
Q

Gesture-speech mismatches

A

phenomena in which hands movements and verbal statements convey different ideas

28
Q

What contributes to higher math learning in East Asian countries?

A

Cultural emphasis on math and language that is more descriptive of math terms.