Chapter 8: Introduction to Metabolism

Question 1

Cellular Respiration

Answer 1

Series of chemical reactions that extracts energy stored in sugars

Question 2

What is process is cellular respiration needed to perform?

Answer 2

WORK

Question 3

What are three examples of work?

Answer 3

1.) Moving solutes against a gradient
2.) Synthesizing macromolecules
3.) Motility

Question 4

what is metabolism?

Answer 4

totality of a cells chemical reactions

Question 5

metabolism is an….

Answer 5

EMERGENT PROPERTY

Question 6

Explain a metabolic pathway

Answer 6

one that begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product

Question 7

what does each step of a metabolic pathway contain?

Answer 7

specific enzymes

Question 8

What are the two aspects of metabolism?

Answer 8

Catabolism & Anabolism

Question 9

What is catabolism?

Answer 9

Process in which cells release energy by breaking down complex molecules into a simpler compound

Question 10

What is anabolism?

Answer 10

process in which cells consume energy to build complex molecules

Question 11

The study of how energy flows through living organisms

Answer 11

Bioenergetics

Question 12

Are living things open or closed systems?

Answer 12

open

Question 13

What is free energy?

Answer 13

portion of a systems energy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform in a living cell

Question 14

When is a reaction sponatenous?

Answer 14

when there is a negative delta g, exergonic

Question 15

What are the 3 main kinds of cellular work?

Answer 15

chemical, transport, mechanical

Question 16

what is the hydrolysis value of ATP?

Answer 16

-7.3 kcal/mol

Question 17

How do enzymes speed up processes?

Answer 17

by lowering energy barriers

Question 18

What is Ea?

Answer 18

activation energy

Question 19

What happens once a substrate binds to an enzymes active site?

Answer 19

an induced fit

Question 20

what does the induced fit promote?

Answer 20

catalysis

Question 21

what are cofactors?

Answer 21

non protein factors needed by some enzymes to assist with catalysis

Question 22

when are enzyme inhibitors irreversible?

Answer 22

when they are covalently bonded

Question 23

when are enzyme inhibitors reversible?

Answer 23

when they are non covalently bonded

Question 24

what are the two types reversible inhibitors can be?

Answer 24

competitive or non-competitive

Question 25

What are competitive inhibitors?

Answer 25

they directly bind to the active site, competing with the substrate

Question 26

What are non-competitive inhibitors?

Answer 26

they bind to another part of the enzyme, to change the shape of the active site, making it impossible for the substrate to correctly fit into the active site

Question 27

what is allosteric regulation?

Answer 27

a regulatory molecule reversibly binds to a protein at one site and affects the proteins function at another

Question 28

What is the one type of inhibition that can be overcome by increasing the substrate concentration?

Answer 28

competitive inhibition