Chapter 8: Joints

Question 0

What are amphiarthrosis joints?

Answer 0

slightly movable

Question 1

What are synarthrosis joints?

Answer 1

Non-movable

Question 2

What are diarthrosis joints?

Answer 2

freely movable

Question 3

What are 3 types of fibrous joints?

Answer 3

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

Question 4

What does synostosis mean?

Answer 4

to ossify completely

Question 5

What are syndesmoses?

Answer 5

bones farther apart than a suture and joined by ligaments, some movement may occur (example: radioulnar)

Question 6

What are gomphoses?

Answer 6

pegs that fit into sockets (example periodontal ligaments that hold teeth in place)

Question 7

What is a synchondroses joint?

Answer 7

hyaline cartilage

Question 8

What is a symphyses joint?

Answer 8

fibrocartilage

Question 9

What is the fibrous capsule?

Answer 9

dense irregular connective tissue, portions may thicken to form ligaments

Question 10

What is synovial fluid composed of?

Answer 10

polysaccharides, proteins, fat, cells, hyaluronic acid

Question 11

What are bursae?

Answer 11

pockets of synovial membrane and fluid that extend from the joint, found in areas of friction

Question 12

What are three types of articular disks?

Answer 12

temperomandibular, sternovlavicular, acromioclavicular

Question 13

What are menisci?

Answer 13

fibrocartilaginous pads in the knee

Question 14

What are tendon sheaths?

Answer 14

synovial sacs that surround tendons as they pass near or over bone

Question 15

What are the three types of synovial joints?

Answer 15

uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial

Question 16

What is a plane joint?

Answer 16

uniaxial, some rotation, Examples: intervertebral, intercarpal, intertarsal

Question 17

What are saddle joints?

Answer 17

biaxial, examples: pollicis (thumb), intercarpal, sternoclavicular

Question 18

What are hinge joints?

Answer 18

uniaxial, example: elbow, ankle, phalangeal

Question 19

What are pivot joints?

Answer 19

uniaxial, rotation around a single axis, Example: axis atlas, radioulnar

Question 20

What are ball and socket joints?

Answer 20

multiaxial (shoulder and hips)

Question 21

What are condyloid joints?

Answer 21

biaxial, example: atlantooccipital (neck to head)

Question 22

Three types of movement?

Answer 22

gliding, angular, circular

Question 23

What is gliding?

Answer 23

in plane joints, slight movement

Question 24

What is angular?

Answer 24

flexion and extension, abduction and adduction

Question 25

What is circular?

Answer 25

rotation, pronation and supination, circumduction

Question 26

What is Flexion?

Answer 26

movement of body part away from the coronal plane

Question 27

What is extension?

Answer 27

movement of the body part toward the coronal plane

Question 28

What is plantar flexion?

Answer 28

standing on the toes

Question 29

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 29

foot lifted toward shin

Question 30

What is abduction?

Answer 30

movement away from the median plane

Question 31

What is adduction?

Answer 31

movement toward the median plane

Question 32

What is pronation?

Answer 32

rotation of the forearm palm facing down

Question 33

What is supination?

Answer 33

rotation of the forearm palm faces up

Question 34

What is circumduction?

Answer 34

combination of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, appendage describes a cone

Question 35

What is elevation? what is depression?

Answer 35

shrugging the shoulders, opening the mouth | shoulders down, closing the mouth

Question 36

What is protractrion?

Answer 36

gliding motion anteriorly

Question 37

What is retraction?

Answer 37

gliding motion posteriorly

Question 38

What is lateral excursion?

Answer 38

moving the mandible to the right or left of midline

Question 39

What is medial excursion?

Answer 39

mandible at midline

Question 40

What is opposition?

Answer 40

movement of thumb and pinky toward each other

Question 41

What is reposition?

Answer 41

anatomical position of hand. opposite of opposition

Question 42

What is inversion?

Answer 42

turning the ankle so the plantar surface of foot faces medially

Question 43

What is eversion?

Answer 43

turning the ankle so the plantar surface of foot faces laterally

Question 44

What is the TMJ?

Answer 44

temperomandibular joint, jaw joint

Question 45

What is the glenoid labrum?

Answer 45

rim of fibrocartilage built up around glenoid cavity

Question 46

what is the rotator cuff?

Answer 46

4 muscles along with ligaments that give stability to the joint

Question 47

What is chondromalacia?

Answer 47

softening of cartilage due to abnormal movement of patella or to accumulation of fluid in fat pad posterior to patella

Question 48

What is hemarthrosis?

Answer 48

acute accumulation of blood in the joint