Chapter 13: The brain

Question 1

what are cranial nerves and where do they arise from?

Answer 1

• part of the PNS
• 2 from cerebrum
• 10 from the brainstem

Question 2

what is the medulla oblongata responsible for?

Answer 2

regulates heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiration, swallowing, vomiting, hiccuping, coughing, and sneezing

Question 3

what is responsible for decussating?

Answer 3

pyramids

Question 4

what do the olives of the medulla oblongata do?

Answer 4

regulate balance, coordination, modulation of sound from the inner ear

Question 5

tectum

Answer 5

four nuclei that form mounds on the dorsal surface of midbrain

Question 6

What are the specific tectum (corpora quadrigemina)

Answer 6

2 superior colliculi: visual reflexes, recieve info from inferior colliculi, eyes, skin, and cerebrum
2 inferior colliculi: involved in hearing

Question 7

red nuclei

Answer 7

aid in unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activites

Question 8

substantia nigra

Answer 8

pigmented with melanin, interconnected with basal nuclei of the cerebrum

Question 9

reticular formation

Answer 9

• group of nuclei scattered throughout brainstem

- controls cyclic activities, such as sleep-wake cycle

Question 10

cerebellar pundicles

Answer 10

fiber tracts that communicate with other parts of the brain

Question 11

what tissue is arbor vitae made of?

Answer 11

white matter

Question 12

purkinje cells

Answer 12

largest cells in CNS
recieve 200,000 synapses
inhibitory
only cerebellar cortex neurons that send axons to cerebellar nuclei

Question 13

flocculonodular lobe

Answer 13

balance and eye movements

Question 14

vermis

Answer 14

midline portion of the cerebellar hemispheres

-responsible for posture, locomotion, and fine motor coordination, leading to fluid movments

Question 15

lateral hemispheres of cerebellum

Answer 15

works with cerebrum to plan, practice, and learn complex movements

Question 16

parts of the diencephalon

Answer 16

thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus

Question 17

what is the thalamus responsible for

Answer 17

motor, mood, emotion, sensory integration

Question 18

what is the subthalamus responsible for?

Answer 18

controlling motor function

contains parts of red nuclei and substantia nigra

Question 19

parts of the epithalamus

Answer 19

habenula: emotional and visceral responses to odors

pineal gland: regulates biological clock

Question 20

parts of the hypothalamus

Answer 20

mammillary bodies: olfactory reflexes and responces to odors

infundibulum: controls endocrine system

Question 21

what is the hypothalamus responsible for

Answer 21

sexual pleasure, satiation, rage, fear, mood, emotion

Question 22

precentral gyrus

Answer 22

primary motor cortex

Question 23

postcentral gyrus

Answer 23

primary somatic sensory cortex

Question 24

frontal lobe

Answer 24

• voluntary motor function
• motivation
• agression
• sense of smell
• mood, personality
• decision

Question 25

parietal lobe

Answer 25

-recognition and evaluation of sensory info except smell, hearing, and vision

Question 26

temporal lobe

Answer 26

- reception and evaluation for smell and hearing - memory - abstract thought - judgement

Question 27

association fibers

Answer 27

connections within the same hemisphere

Question 28

commissural fibers

Answer 28

connect hemispheres

Question 29

projection fibers

Answer 29

tracts between cerebrum and other parts of the brain and spinal cord

Question 30

basal nuclei

Answer 30

motor function control

Question 31

what are the basal nuclei in the cerebrum called?

Answer 31

corpus striatum

Question 32

what does the limbic system do?

Answer 32

basic survival functions such as memory, reproduction, and nutrition, emotions -hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus

Question 33

what is filled in the subdural space?....the subarachnoid space?

Answer 33

subdural: serous fluid subarachnoid: CSF

Question 34

choroid plexuses

Answer 34

produce CSF, composed of ependymal cells

Question 35

Blood-Brain Barrier

Answer 35

composed of endothelial cells attached by tight junctions

Question 36

percentage of blood pumped by the heart goes to the brain

Answer 36

15-20%

Question 37

blood barrier's permeability on lipid soluble substances

Answer 37

pass through by diffusion

Question 38

blood brain barrier's permeability of water soluble substances

Answer 38

move through mediated transport

Question 39

Cranial nerves names | cranial nerve function

Answer 39

on occasion our trusty truck acts funny, very good vehicle any how Some say marry money, but my brother says big brains matter more

Question 40

Parts of the brain

Answer 40

- brainstem - cerebellum - diencephalon - cerebrum