Chapter 8, Muscular System Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
How many muscles do we have
A
600-700 (IBRAHIM IF YOU ARE SEEING THIS ALL THE LECTURE ON JOINTS/ETC ARE AFTER THE LISTING OF THE MUSCLES. AND DON’T FORGET THAT SPELLING COUNTS!)
2
Q
What are the three kinds of muscles?
A
Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
3
Q
Skeletal muscles provide…
A
Movement
4
Q
Muscles in one word…
A
Movement
5
Q
Smooth muscles
A
- Help the digestive system
- Can have 2-3 layers
- Are not connected to bone
6
Q
Cardiac muscles
A
Are found only in the heart
7
Q
Every muscle will have…
A
An origin and an insertion point
8
Q
Muscle origin
A
The immovable end of the muscle
9
Q
Muscle insertion
A
The more movable end of the muscle
10
Q
Prime Mover
A
AKA: Agonist
11
Q
Agonist
A
AKA: Prime mover
12
Q
Prime Mover
A
CAUSES an action
13
Q
Antagonist
A
Works AGAINST an action
14
Q
Synergist
A
CONTRIBUTES to an action by HELPING the agonist
15
Q
Face
A
60 Skeletal Muscles
16
Q
Smile
A
20 Skeletal Muscles
17
Q
Frown
A
40 Skeletal Muscles
18
Q
What is the SMALLEST muscle in the body
A
- Stapedius
- found in the ear
- connected to the stapes
19
Q
How many layers of muscles do we have?
A
3-4 Layers
20
Q
What is the LARGEST muscle in the body?
A
Gluteus Maximus (get off your ass…)
21
Q
What is the LONGEST muscle in the body?
A
Sartorius
22
Q
“Rect”
A
Straight (NOT RECTUM…get back off your ass…)
23
Q
What do muscle names reflect?
A
- Shape
- Length
- Size
- If visible on the body surface
24
Q
Maximus
A
Large
25
Minimus
Small
26
Externus
Outer
27
Superficialis
On the surface, shallow
28
Internus
On the inside
29
Minor
Small
30
Major
Large
31
Deltoid
Triangle
32
Biceps
Muscle with two heads
33
Deltoid
Muscles in the shoulder area
34
Oblique
Muscles on the side
35
Fascia
* Small
* Layers of dense connective tissue
* Separates an individual muscle and holds it in place
* White
* Blends with epimysium
36
Epimysium
* Smaller than fascia
| * Connective tissue that CLOSELY surrounds the muscle
37
Perimysium
* Even smaller than epimysium
| * Tissue that extends inward from epimysium that separates the muscle into smaller sections called fascicles
38
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
Sorry, cat
39
Fascicles
Thin covering on the fascicles
40
Skeletal muscle fiber
* Single cell
* Long and thin
* Cylinder
* Rounded ends
41
Sarcolemma
Cell membrane
42
Sarcoplasm
Cytoplasm
43
Aponeuroses
Broad fibrous sheets of connective tissue
44
Skeletal Muscle Fiber
* Single cell
* Contracts in response to stimulation
* Relaxes when stimulation ends
45
Myosin
THICK protein filament found in myofibrils
46
Actin
THIN protein found in myofibrils
47
Myofibrils
* Threadlike structures in the sarcoplasm
* Play a big role in contraction
* Two main protein filaments: myosin and actin
48
Troponin
Also a protein in myofibrils
49
Tropomysosin
Also a protein in myofibrils
50
Temporalis
Sides of the head
51
Occipitalis
Back of the head
52
Frontalis
Front of the head
53
Orbicularis Oris
Around the mouth
54
Orbicularis Oculi
Around the eye
55
Buccanator
Cheek
56
Masseter
Cheek
57
Deltoid
Shoulder
58
Platysma
Neck, under the chin
59
Trapezius
Back/Neck
60
Pectoralis Major
Chest
61
Pectoralis Minor
Chest
62
Internal Intercostal
Rib cage
63
External Intercostal
Rib cage
64
Internal Oblique
Sides of the abdomen
65
External Oblique
Sides of the abdomen
66
Rectus Abdominus
Abdomen
67
Brachyalis
Upper Arm
68
Biceps Brachii
Upper Arm
69
Triceps Brachii
Upper Arm
70
Sternocleidomastoid
Side of the neck
71
Gastrocnemius
Calf
72
Psoas
Groin
73
Soleus
Calf
74
Gluteus Maximus
Buttocks
75
Gluteus Medius
Buttocks
76
Sartorius
Thigh
77
Biceps Femoris
Thigh
78
Rectus Femoris
Thigh
79
Stapedius
Inner Ear
80
Gracilis
Inner thigh
81
Rectus femoris
thigh
82
Adductor longus
Inner thigh, by groin
83
Tensor fasciae latae
Outer hip
84
Tibialis Anterior
Shin
85
Fibularis longus
back/side of leg (near fibula)
86
Rhomboid
Upper back
87
Sternocleidomastoid
Side of the neck
88
Soleus
Side of lower leg
89
Serratus anterior
Anterior surface of the ribs 1-10
90
Pectoralis minor
Anterior surface of the ribs 3-5
91
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
By the ulna/wrist
92
Pronator quadratus
Wrist
93
Joints
Two or more bones that come together.
94
Articulation
Coming together, so two or more bones articulate
| Example: Your upper arm articulated with your shoulder
95
Fibrous Joints
* Immovable
* Connected to dense connective tissue
* Found in the sutures of the cranium
96
Cartilaginous Joints
* Connected by Cartilage (either firbo or hyalene)
* Limited Movement
* Found in the bodies of the vertebrae
97
Synovial Joints
Articulating (joined) bones surrounded by joint capsules that involve ligaments, membranes, and synovial fluid
* Free Movement
98
MOST IMPORTANT FOR FIBROUS
IMMOVABLE (will be on the test)
99
MOST IMPORTANT FOR CARTILAGINOUS
LIMITED MOVEMENT (will be on the test)
100
MOST IMPORTANT FOR SYNOVIAL
FREE MOVEMENT (will be on the test)
101
Synovial Joints have...
6 types:
1. Ball and Socket (KNOW THIS ONE)
2. Condylar
3. Gliding/AKA Plane
4. Hinge (KNOW THIS ONE)
5. Pivot
6. Saddle
102
Ball and Socket Joint KNOW THIS
Example: Femur to pelvus, arm to shoulder
| VERY COMMON
103
Condylar
Example: Wrist
104
Gliding Joint (AKA: PLANE)
Example: Intervertebral joints, rib cage, wrist, ankleqq
105
Hinge Joint KNOW THIS
Elbow, knee
106
Pivot Joint
Example: Proximal end of the radius and ulna, Also C1 (Axis) and C2 (Atlas)
107
Saddle Joint
Examples: Carpals, metacarpals, thumb
108
Skeletal muscle
* Connects with bone
* Multiple Nuclei in cells
* Voluntary Movement
* Striated Appearance
* Rapid onset, rapid fatigue
* Actin and Myosin present
109
Smooth Muscle
* Found in the digestive system
* One nucleus found in almost every organ
* Involuntary movement
* Actin and Myosin Present
110
Cardiac Muscle
* Only found in the heart
* Contraction has slowest onset, which makes it resistant to changes
* Striated appearance
* Found in almost every muscles
* Actin and myosin are present
111
Sarcoplasmis Reticulum (KNOW THIS)
* Appears gold and yellow
* Surrounds each myofibril
* Network of channels
* Contain high amount of calcium ions
112
Cartilogenous`(3 things)
Connected by cartiage (well, duh) Fibro or hyelin)
Have limited movement
Found in the bodies between the vertebrae.
