Chapter 8- Pathophysiology

Question 1

Aerobic metabolism

Answer 1

Is the breakdown of molecules such as glucose through series of reactions that produce energy within the cells

Question 2

Perfusion

Answer 2

Can be described as the delivery of oxygen glucose and other substances to the cells and elimination of waste products from the cells

Question 3

Patent airway

Answer 3

Is one that is open and not obstructed by blood secretions tissue bone teeth or other substances

Question 4

Epiglottis

Answer 4

Is a flap of cartilage genius tissue that covers the opening of the learnings during swallowing if the epiglottis is injured and swells or becomes inflamed from infection it can occlude the airway at the level of the larynx

Question 5

Carina

Answer 5

Located at the second intercostal space, anteriorly or the fourth the fourth thoracic vertebrae posteriorly

Question 6

Alveoli

Answer 6

The air sacks of the lungs with oxygenated air.

Question 7

Boyles law

Answer 7

States that the volume of gas is inversely proportional it to the pressure.

Question 8

Compliance

Answer 8

Is a measure of the ability of the chest wall and lungs to stretch distend and expand a condition that causes the lungs or chest wall to become stiff would decrease compliance

Question 9

Airway resistance

Answer 9

Is related to the ease of airflow down the conduit of airway structures leading to the Alveoli.

Question 10

Frequency of ventilation

Answer 10

Is generally calculated as the number of ventilations in one minute

Question 11

Alveolar ventilation

Answer 11

Is the amount of air moved in and out of the alveoli in one minute

Question 12

Dead air space

Answer 12

Consist of Anatomic areas in the respiratory tract where air collects during inhalation. Areas where however no gas exchange occurs

Question 13

Chemo receptors

Answer 13

Are specialized receptors that monitor the pH carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in arterial blood

Question 14

Central chemo receptors

Answer 14

Located near the respiratory center in the medulla. These receptors are most sensitive to carbon dioxide and changes in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 15

Dorsal respiratory group

Answer 15

Located posterior to the VRG relays it’s sensory information to the VRG to provide further input on depth and rate of respiration

Question 16

Oxyhemoglobin

Answer 16

Hemoglobin hemoglobin molecule that has no oxygen attached is referred to as a deoxyhemoglobin

Question 17

Cardiac output

Answer 17

Is defined as the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in one minute the cardiac output has a major influence on blood pressure and perfusion

Question 18

Frank Starling law of the heart

Answer 18

As blood fills the left ventricle the muscle fibers stretch to how’s the blood. The stretch of the muscle fiber at the end of the diastole determines the force available to eject the blood from the ventricle

Question 19

Baroreceptors

Answer 19

Or stretch sensitive receptors located in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses that detect changes in blood pressure