Chapter 8- Project Quality Management

Question 1

Quality

Answer 1

The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements

Question 2

Grade

Answer 2

A category rank be used to distinguish items that have the same functional us but do not share the same requirements for quality. An example hammer may need to withstand different amount of force

Question 3

Precision

Answer 3

Measure of exactness

Question 4

Accuracy

Answer 4

Assessment of correctness

Question 5

Quality management concepts

Answer 5

Prevention over inspection
Continuous improvement
Total quality management
Responsibility for quality
Impact of pool quality

Question 6

Impact of poor quality

Answer 6

Increased costs
Decreased profits
Low morale
Low customer satisfaction
Increased risk
Rework
Schedule delays

Question 7

Seven basic quality tools

Answer 7

Cause and effect diagram
Flowchart
Checksheet
Pareto diagram
Histogram
Control chart
Scatter diagrams

Question 8

Plan quality management

Answer 8

Process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and is deliverables, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with relevant quality requirements and/or standards. Key benefit: it provides guidance and direction on how quality will be managed and validated throughout the project.
Focuses on defining quality for the project, and project management, and planning how that will be at achieved.

Question 9

Plan quality management ITTO

Answer 9

INPUTS:
Project management plan
Stakeholder register
Risk register
Requirements documentation
Enterprise environmental factors
Organisational process assets

TT
Cost benefit analysis
Cost of quality
Seven basic quality tools
Benchmarking
Design of experiments
Statistical sampling
Additional quality planning tools
Meetings

OUTPUTS
Quality management plan
Process improvement plan
Quality metrics
Quality checklists
Project document updates

Question 10

Cost benefit analysis

Answer 10

Compares the cost of the quality step to the expected benefits

Question 11

Cost of quality

Answer 11

Cost of quality includes all costs incurred over the life of the project by investment in preventing non conformance to requirements, appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failing to meet requirements.

Question 12

Cause and effect diagram

Answer 12

A decomposition technique and that helps trace and undesirable effect back to its root cause.

Question 13

Flowchart

Answer 13

The depiction in a diagram format of the inputs, process actions, and outputs of one or more processes within a system

Question 14

Checksheets

Answer 14

a tally sheet that can be used as a check lee when gathering data

Question 15

Pareto diagram

Answer 15

A histogram, ordered by a frequency occurrence, and that shows how many results were generated by each identified cause

Question 16

histogram

Answer 16

Special form of bar chart used to describe the central tendency, dispersion and shape of a statistical distribution. It does not consider the influence of time on the variation that exists within a distribution.

Question 17

Control charts

Answer 17

Used to determine whether or not the process is stable or has predictable performance. Upper and lower specification limits are based on requirements of the agreement . A graphic display of process data over time against established control limits, which has a centerline and that assists in detecting a trend to affect process improvements, evaluating possible alternatives, and recommending appropriate corrective action as needed.

Question 18

Scatter diagram

Answer 18

A correlation chart that uses A regression line to explain or predict how the change in an independent variable will change a dependent variable

Question 19

Benchmarking

Answer 19

Involves comparing actual all planned project practices to those of comparable projects to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.

Question 20

Design of experiments ( DOE)

Answer 20

Statistical methods for identifying which factors may influence specific variables all of a product under development or in production. It provides statistical framework for systematically changing all of the important factors rather than changing the factors one at the time

Question 21

Statistical sampling

Answer 21

Involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection

Question 22

Additional quality planning tools

Answer 22

Brainstorming
Force field analysis (these are diagrams of the forces for and against)
Nominal group techniques
Quality management and control tools

Question 23

Quality management plan

Answer 23

Describes how the organization’s quality policies will be implemented. In describes how the project management team plans to meet the quality requirements set for project.

Question 24

Process improvement plan

Answer 24

Details the steps for analysing project management and product development processes to identify activities that enhance their values.  It includes:
Process boundaries
Process configuration
Process metrics
Targets for improved performance

Question 25

Quality metrics

Answer 25

A quality metric specifically describes an project or product attributes and how to control quality process will measure it.

Question 26

Checklist

Answer 26

Structured tool; usually component -specific, used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed.

Question 27

Perform quality assurance

Answer 27

Process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements to ensure that appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used. The key benefit it facilitates the improvement of quality processes.

Question 28

Perform quality assurance ITTO

Answer 28

``` INPUTS: Quality management plan Process improvement plan Quality metrics Quality control measurements Project documents ``` TT Quality management and control tools Quality audits Process analysis ``` OUTPUTS Change requests Project management plan updates Project documents updates Organisational process assets updates ```

Question 29

Quality assurance process

Answer 29

Executing process, focus is on the work being done on a project. Purpose is to ensure that team is following organisational policies, standards, and processes as planned to produce the project's deliverables.

Question 30

Quality management and control tools

Answer 30

``` Affinity diagram Process decision program charts PDPC Interrelationship diagraphs Tree diagrams Prioritization Matrices Activity network diagrams Matrix diagrams ```

Question 31

Affinity diagram

Answer 31

Allows large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis

Question 32

Process decision program charts

Answer 32

Used to understand a goal in relation to the steps for getting to the goal

Question 33

Interrelationship diagraphs

Answer 33

Provide process for creative problem sold and been moderately complex scenarios that possesses intertwined and logical relationships

Question 34

Tree diagram

Answer 34

A systematic diagram of a decomposition hierarchy used to visualize A parent to child relationships a systematic set of rules

Question 35

Prioritization matrices

Answer 35

We used to identify key issues and evaluates suitable alternatives to define a set of implementation priorities

Question 36

Activity network diagram

Answer 36

arrow diagrams

Question 37

Matrix diagrams

Answer 37

used to perform data analysis within the organizational structure created within the matrix. It seeks to show the strength of relationships between factors, causes and objectives that exist between rows and columns that form matrix.

Question 38

Quality audit

Answer 38

Structured, independent process to determine if activities compliance with organizational and project policies, processes and procedures

Question 39

Process analysis

Answer 39

Follows the steps outlined in the process improvement plan to identifying needed improvements

Question 40

Control quality

Answer 40

Process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes. Key benefits: 1) identifies the causes of poor process or product quality and recommending and taking action to eliminate them, 2) validating the project deliverables and work meet the requirements specified by key stakeholders necessary for final acceptance

Question 41

Control quality ITTO

Answer 41

``` INPUTS Project management plan Quality metrics Quality checklists Work performance data Approved change requests Deliverables Project documents Organisational process assets ``` ``` TT Seven basic quality tools Statistical sampling Inspection Approved change requests review ``` ``` OUTPUT Quality control measurements Validated changes Verified deliverables Work performance information Change requests Project management plan updates Project document updates Organisational process assets updates ```

Question 42

Prevention verses inspection

Answer 42

Prevention is keeping errors out of the process and inspection keeping errors out of the hands of the customer

Question 43

Attribute sampling vs. Variables sampling

Answer 43

Attribute sampling- the result either conforms or does not conform. The variables sampling- the result is rated on a continuous scale that measures the degree of conformity

Question 44

Tolerance vs. Control limits

Answer 44

Tolerance is a specified range of acceptable results | Controlling its-identify boundary of common variation in a statistically stable process or process performance