Chapter 8 Questions

Question 0

Excitatory neurotransmitter found in distinct regions on the CNS and is involved in cognition, motor, and neuroendocrine functions

Answer 0

Dopamine

Question 1

Primary cholinergic neurotransmitter

Answer 1

Acetylcholine

Question 2

Excitatory neurotransmitter that plays a major role in generating and maintaining mood states

Answer 2

Norepinephrine

Question 3

Neurotransmitter that plays a role in emotions, cognition, sensory perceptions, and essential biologic functions

Answer 3

Serotonin

Question 4

Primary cholinergic neurotransmitter found in greatest concentration in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 4

Acetylcholine

Question 5

Sympathetic response on the lungs

Answer 5

Relaxation of bronchial muscles

Question 6

Parasympathetic response on the lungs

Answer 6

Bronchoconstruction and secretion from bronchial glands

Question 7

What does serotonin play a role in

Answer 7

Emotions, cognition, sensory perceptions, and essential body functions like sleep and appetite

Question 8

Part of the brain that regulates postural balance and positioning

Answer 8

Cerebellum

Question 9

Function of hypothalamus

Answer 9

Temperature regulation

Question 10

Functions as a regulatory structure to relay all sensory information, except smell, sent to the CNS from the PNS

Answer 10

Thalamus

Question 11

Involved in storing information, especially the emotions attached to memories

Answer 11

Hippocampus

Question 12

Where is the Broca’s area

Answer 12

Frontal lobe

Question 13

What controls the motor function of speech

Answer 13

Broca’s area

Question 14

What does the damage to the Broca’s area produce

Answer 14

Expressive aphasia or difficulty with the motor movements of speech

Question 15

Primarily responsible for receptive speech

Answer 15

Wernicke’s area

Question 16

Basic emotions, needs, drives, and instinct begin and are modulated in the ______

Answer 16

Limbic system

Question 17

The ________ are involved with motor functions and association in both learning and the programming of behavior or activities that are repetitive and, done over time, become automatic

Answer 17

Basal ganglia

Question 18

Which neurotransmitter is decreased in those with Parkinson’s disease

Answer 18

Dopamine

Question 19

A decrease in what neurotransmitter has been implicated in seizure disorders

Answer 19

GABA

Question 20

Does the extrapyramidal motor system control memory and vision?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

What is controlled by the extrapyramidal motor system

Answer 21

Muscle tone, common reflexes, and automatic voluntary motor functioning like waking

Question 22

What neuropeptide suppresses pain and modulates mood and stress

Answer 22

Endorphins

Question 23

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

Answer 23

GABA

Question 24

What is the space where the electrical intercellular signal becomes a chemical extra cellular signal?

Answer 24

Synaptic cleft

Question 25

Which neurotransmitters reduce the membrane potential and enhance the transmission of signal between neurons

Answer 25

Excitatory neurotransmitters

Question 26

Which neurotransmitters slow down never impulses

Answer 26

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

Question 27

Decreased norepinephrine has been associated with ________ and excessive norepinephrine has been associated with _________.

Answer 27

Decreased- depression | Excessive- manic symptoms

Question 28

Arousal is main function also deals with attention

Answer 28

Reticular formation

Question 29

Components of hindbrain

Answer 29

Medulla, pons, reticular formation, cerebellum

Question 30

Components of midbrain

Answer 30

Mostly tectum

Question 31

Components of brain stem

Answer 31

Cranial nerves

Question 32

Components of forebrain

Answer 32

Limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebrum

Question 33

Sensory relay system

Answer 33

Thalamus

Question 34

What is the Circle of Willis

Answer 34

Insurance policy. If one pathway gets blocked then blood can find another way around it

Question 35

How many cervical spine

Answer 35

8

Question 36

How many thoracic spine

Answer 36

12

Question 37

How many lumbar spine

Answer 37

5

Question 38

How many sacral spine

Answer 38

5

Question 39

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there from brain stem to cauda equina

Answer 39

31

Question 40

Where does cauda equina start and stop

Answer 40

Starts at T12-L1 and goes to coccyx

Question 41

Acronym for knowing sensory or motor for cranial nerves

Answer 41

Some say marry money but my brother says big brains mean more

Question 42

Function of Pre central gyrus

Answer 42

Motor

Question 43

Function of post central gyrus

Answer 43

Sensory

Question 44

All motor neurons synapse in _______

Answer 44

Gray matter

Question 45

Motor pathway

Answer 45

Efferent | Descending

Question 46

Sensory pathway

Answer 46

Afferent | Ascending

Question 47

Depolarization is the ______ of _____

Answer 47

Influx of sodium

Question 48

Repolarization is the _______ of ______

Answer 48

Outflux of potassium

Question 49

What is NMDA

Answer 49

Memory drug. Mimics glutamine which is an excitatory drug that enhances creation of memory

Question 50

Functions of dopamine pathways

Answer 50

Reward (motivation), pleasure/euphoria, motor function (fine tuning), compulsion, perseveration

Question 51

Functions of serotonin pathway

Answer 51

Mood, memory processing, sleep, cognition

Question 52

What are cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine/adrenaline produced by? What are they involved in regulating?

Answer 52

Adrenal gland, involved in regulating bodily functions during stressful and emotional states

Question 53

Difference in CT and MRI

Answer 53

CT is X-ray and MRI is magnets

Question 54

How is the nervous system organized

Answer 54

By function

Question 55

How are neurotransmitters released

Answer 55

By terminals on axons

Question 56

Neurons are organized into ________

Answer 56

Sensorimotor circuits