Chapter 8 Rocks And Mining Flashcards by Willow Jeffer

What are agents of erosion?

Factors that cause erosion 
Some examples are:
-water
-wind
-gravity
-ice

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Asthenosphere

The top layer of the mantle, composed of ‘plastic’ rock

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Biogenic sedimentary rock

Sedimentary rock formed mainly from dead organisms

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Biological weathering

Living things and their products breaking down rock

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What is cement?

Natural chemicals found in water that can bind sediments together

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What is chemical sedimentary rock?

Sedimentary rock that forms when dissolved materials precipitate from solution

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What is chemical weathering?

Water, or chemicals in water or air, reacting and breaking down rock

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What is clastic sedimentary rock?

Sedimentary rock formed mainly from small rock particles

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What is contact metamorphism ?

A type of metamorphism where rock is altered mostly by heat

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What is the core?

The innermost layer of the earth

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What is the crust?

The outermost layer of the earth, composed of solid rock

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What is deposition?

The settling of broken rock material to form sediments

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What is dynamic metamorphism?

A type of metamorphism where rock is altered mostly by pressure

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What is electrolysis?

Use of an electric current to extract minerals from solution

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What is erosion?

Removal of weathered rock particles from the site of the weathering

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What is extraction?

The chemical process of separating metals from the compounds in which they occur

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What is extrusive igneous rock ?

Igneous rock that forms on the surface of the earth

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What are felsic?

Light coloured rocks

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What is foliation?

A process where minerals under pressure realign and the rock develops layers or bands

What is a force?

Any interaction that will change the motion of an object when unopposed. For example a push or a pull

What are fossils?

The preserved remains of living organisms

What is froth flotation?

A process for extracting material from water (and chemicals) by producing air bubbles which the material sticks to and floats

What is geology?

The study of rocks, their history and the processes that form and change them

What are hydrothermal fluids?

Superheated fluids that circulate through the earths crust, picking up minerals such as gold

What is igneous rock?

Rock formed from cooling magma or lava

What are interlocking mineral crystals?

Crystals that lock together and grow into each other in a rock

What is intrusive igneous rock?

Igneous rock that forms below the surface of the earth

What is lava?

Molten rock that reaches the Earth‘s surface

What are mafic?

Dark coloured rocks

What is magma?

Molten rock that does not reach the earth’s surface

What is the mantle?

A layer of the earth that is below the crust

What is metamorphic rock?

Rock formed when temperature and/or pressure alter existing rock

What is a mineral?

A naturally occurring solid substance that is inorganic, has a characteristic crystalline structure and a fairly constant chemical composition

What a mineral resources?

Minerals that are dug up and used

What is a native metal?

A metal found as a pure element

What is an Ore mineral?

A Valuable mineral found in rocks

What is physical weathering?

The breaking down of rocks by physical processes

What is pressure?

Physical force exerted on or against a rock unit, measured as force per unit area

What is regional metamorphism?

A type of metamorphism where rock is altered by both heat and pressure over a wide area

What is the rock cycle?

A model geologists use to explain the endless cycle of change that rocks undergo.

What is sedimentary rock?

Rock made by sediments being cemented together

What is smelting?

Extracting metal from its ore by melting it, pouring it and allowing it to cool

What are strata?

Layers of sedimentary rock

What are tailings?

Waste materials from a mine or mineral processing plant

What are tectonic plates?

Massive plates that make up the earths crust

What is weathering?

The physical chemical and biological processes that break down rocks into smaller pieces