Chapter 8 SG

Question 1

Human Development

Answer 1

the scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age from conception until death

Question 2

Longitudinal Design

Answer 2

one group of people are followed and assessed at different times as the group ages; disadv: lengthy time, money, effor involved with participants, loss of participants if they move away, lose interest, or die

Question 3

Cross-sectional Design

Answer 3

several different age groups are studied at one time

Question 4

Nature

Answer 4

the influence of our inherited characteristics on our persnality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactios

Question 5

Nurture

Answer 5

the influence of the environment on our persnality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactios

Question 6

Behavioral genetics

Answer 6

focuses on nature vs. nurture

Question 7

zygote

Answer 7

after egg and sperm unite, the resulting single cell will have a total of 46 chrromoses

Question 8

The Germinal period

Answer 8

first two weeks after fertilization, during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining

Question 9

the embryonic period

Answer 9

will last from 2 weeks after conception to 8 weeks; cells will contine to specialize and become the various organs and structures of a human infant

Question 10

critical periods

Answer 10

times during which certain environmental influences can have an impact on the development of the infant

Question 11

teratogen

Answer 11

any substance such as a drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that can cause a birth defect

Question 12

the fetal period

Answer 12

8 weeks after conception until birth

Question 13

When miscarriage

Answer 13

during first 3 months

Question 14

infant reflexes

Answer 14

innate, involuntary, behavior patterns

Question 15

Which sense is most functional at birth?

Answer 15

sense of touch

Question 16

Which it comes to hearing, what are infants most responsive to at birth?

Answer 16

can hear high and low pitches

Question 17

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 17

Birith-age 2; object permanence, critical in language development

Question 18

preoperational stage

Answer 18

ages 2-7; ego centrism, centration,, conservation, irreversibility

Question 19

egocentrism

Answer 19

the inability to see the world through anyone else’s eyes but one’s own

Question 20

conservation

Answer 20

the ability to understand that ltering the appearance of something does not change its amount

Question 21

concrete operational

Answer 21

ages 7-12, finally capable of consvation and reversible thinking, they begin to think more logically, still not ready to deal with abstrat concepts, still only able to grasp concrete concepts

Question 22

formal operational stage

Answer 22

ages 12- adulthood, abstract thinking becomes posible

Question 23

attachment

Answer 23

the emotional bond that forms between an infant and a primary caregiver

Question 24

Mary Ainsworth and the Strange Situation (What was she trying to determine by using this experiment
according to the textbook? What did she observe about securely attached infants?)

Answer 24

to measire the attachment of an infant to the caregiver; want their mother there, they were calm when the mother was there

Question 25

Puberty

Answer 25

the physical changes that occur in the body as sexual development reaches its peak

Question 26

Imaginary audience

Answer 26

young people believe that other people are just concerned about the adolescent's thoughts and characteristics as they themselves are

Question 27

Personal fable

Answer 27

young people believe themselves to be unique and protected from harm

Question 28

Perimenopause

Answer 28

5-10 year spam, where women estrogen decline, reproductive system declines in function slowly

Question 29

Menopause

Answer 29

cessation of ovulation and the mestrual cycle

Question 30

andropause

Answer 30

beings in 40s with a decline in several hormones, primarily testosterone