Chapter 8: Social Processes, Attitudes, and Behavior Flashcards
Social Facilitation
When people tend to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others.
Yerkes-Dodson law of social facilitation
Being in the presence of others will significantly raise arousal, which enhances the ability to perform tasks one is already good at ( or simple tasks), and hinders the performance of less familiar tasks ( or complex tasks).
Ex: An expert pianis may perform better in concert thhan when alone in practive sessions. However, someone with very limited knowledge of music would perform worse in a social setting than when alone.
Social Action
Actions and behaviors that individuals are conscious of and performing because others are around them.
Deindividuation
The idea that people will lose a sense of self-awareness and can act dramatically differently based on the influence of a group.
Ex: Good people that support Trump and get around the bad people that support trump. The good people begin to riot and storm the capital with the bad people.
Bystander Effect
The observation that, when in a group, individuals are less likely to respond to a person in need.
Bystander Effect
- In low-danger scenarios:
- In high-danger scenarios:
- In low-danger scenarios:
- Bystanders are less likely to provide aid
- In high-danger scenarios:
- Bystanders are more likely to intervene
Social Loafing
The tendency of individuals to put in less effort in group settings as compared to an individual setting.
Example: When you have group members that do no work.
Peer Pressure
The social influence placed on an individual by a group of people or another individual.
The mechanism behind peer pressure has been explained by the ____.
Identity Shift Effect
Identity Shift Effect (Define)
When an individuals state of harmony is disrupted by a threat of social rejection, the individual will often conform to the norms of the group. However, the individual will begin to experience internal conflict because the behavior is outside the normal character of the individual. To eliminate the sense of internal conflcit, the individual expereinces an identity shift wherein the individual adopts the standards of the group as her own.
Cognitive Dissonance
The simultaneous presence of two opposing thoughts or opinons.
Group Polarization
The tendency toward decisions that are more extreme than the individual inclinations of the group members.
Ex: Political parties or even jury trials will decide on more harsh policies and punishments as a group then individually.
Group Think
The tendency for groups to make decsions based on ideas and solutions that aruse witin the group without considering outside ideas and ethics; based on the pressure to conform and remain loyal to the group. This usually leads to incorrect or poor decisions because of membrs wanting to conform which ultimatly decreses critical thinking of the group.
What type of behavior does Deindividuation cause?
Antinormative Behavior
Culture
The beliefs, behaviors, actions, and characteristics of a group or society of people.
Assimilation
The process by which an individual’s or group’s behavior and culture begin to resemble that of another group. This can aslo mean that groups of different cultures begin to merge as one.
Multiculturalism
Communities or societies containing multiple cultures.
Subcultures
Groups of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong.
What are the similarities and differences between group polarization and group think?
Group polarization and group think are both social processes that occur when groups make decisions. Group polarization is the tendency toward extreme decisons in a group. Groupthink is the tendency for groups to make decisons based on ideas and solutions that arise within the group without considering outside ideas, given the pressure to conform and remain loyal to the group.
What are the differenced between assimilation and multiculturalism.
Societies that contain multiple cultures can exhibit multiculturalism or assmilitaion. Assimilation is the process by which multiple cultures begin to merge into one, typically with an unequal blending of ideas and beliefs. Multiculturalism refers to the idea that multiple cultures should be encouraged and respected without one culture being dominant over all.
____ the process of developing, inherting, and spreading norms, customs, and beliefs.
Socialization
Primary Socialization
Occurs during childhood when we initially learn acceptable actions and attitudes in our society, primarily through observation of our parents and other adults in close proximity. In children, this sets the stage for future socialization and provides the foundation for creating personal opinions.
Seconday Socialization
The process of learning appropriate behavipr within smaller sections of the larger society.
Ex: The behavior necessary to thrive in school is completely different from home. People that move to different regions or go to different schools experience this.
Anticipatory Socialization
The process by which a person prepares for future changed in occupations, living situations, or relationships.
Ex: A couple that is living together and preparing for married life.
