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cardiovascular and peripheral disorders > chapter 8 study sets > Flashcards

chapter 8 study sets Flashcards

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1
Q

foods high in vitamin K

A 
green leafy greens
broccoli 
liver
meat
eggs
cereal
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2
Q

warfarin prevents?

A

stroke

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3
Q

beta-adrenergic blockers are?

A

propranolol
acebutolol
metoprolol
carvedilol

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4
Q

what are conditions leading to cardiac arrest

A

ventricular tachycardia
ventricular fibrillation
ventricular asystole

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5
Q

obstructions exceeding 75% of the lumen of one or more of the three coronary arteries increase?

A

Risk of death

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6
Q

the most common cause of angina pectoris is?

A

atherosclerosis

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7
Q

what is a decreased blood supply to a body organ or part, often marked by pain and organ dysfunction?

A

ischemia

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8
Q

myocardial ischemia lasting more than 35 to 45 mins produces what?

A

cellular damage and necrosis

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9
Q

what is the development of new vessels in the heart that compensate for the loss of circulation from the occluded artery?

A

collateral circulation

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10
Q

medication for angina pectoris

A

nitroglycerin

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11
Q

signs and symptoms of angina pectoris ?

A

dyspnea
anxiety
diaphoresis
nausea

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12
Q

signs and symptoms of an acute MI in women

A

SOB
weakness
indigestion
anxiety

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13
Q

left ventricular function of cardiogenic shock severely decreased resulting in an inadequate?

A

blood supply to the vital organs

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14
Q

meds for MI

A

nitrate
diuretics
digoxin
angiotensin

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15
Q

med management for cardiogenic shock

A

adrenergic drugs; dopamine at therapeutic levels increases cardiac output and BP

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16
Q

what are signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema and pleural effusion?

A

dyspnea
orthopnea
pulmonary crackles
frothy sputum

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17
Q

right ventricular failure can also result from?

A

chronic pulmonary disease

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18
Q

a higher level of BNP correlates with what?

A

an increase in the pt’s signs and symptoms of HF

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19
Q

ACE inhibitors such as captopril, rampil, benazepil decreased what ?

A

peripheral vascular resistance and improve cardiac output

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20
Q

what are two beta blockers approved by FDA to treat HF?

A

carvedilol

metoprolol

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21
Q

edema and pulmonary congestion are treated with what?

A

diuretics
sodium restricted diet
restricted fluid

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22
Q

frothy sputum is produced from air mixing with the fluid in the ?

A

alveoli

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23
Q

heart valves passively open and close in response to?

A

pressure change in the heart

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24
Q

valvular disorders occur in children, adolescents and adults, primarily from?

A

congenital conditions

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25
Rheumatic fever is caused by an
untreated or undertreated streptococcal infection
26
the most common symptoms of angina is severe ?
exercise intolerance
27
what is an indication for cardiac transplantation?
end stage heart disease that is not responding to medical therapy
28
what is a contraindications for cardiac transplantation?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus with end-organ damage
29
pulse scale are?
+1= barely +2= weak +3=normal +4= bounding
30
pitting edema scale are ?
``` +1= trace 2mm rapid +2= mild. 4mm 10-15 sec +3= moderate. 6mm 1-2 mins +4= severe 8mm 2-5 mins ```
31
what are signs and symptoms of malignant hypertension?
awakening with headache blurred vision spontaneous epistaxis
32
signs and symptoms of arterial disorders?
pain; arching pulse; diminishes edema; usually present skin; dry, cool
33
what are signs and symptoms of venous disorder?
pain; cramping; caused by exercise pulse; usually present edema; present skin; warm
34
the result of atherosclerosis is the result narrowing of the artery and reduced nutrients and oxygen reaching the tissue, resulting in?
tissue ischemia
35
patients with chronic PAD may have ?
Rubor cyanosis arterial ulcers cellulitis
36
aneurysms may be the result of arteriosclerosis and ?
trauma or congenital defect
37
what are nursing intervention and PT teaching for thrombophlebitis?
early mobilization, early ambulation
38
the electrical impulse pathway starts in the?
SA node, which is the pacemaker of the heart; it initiate the heartbeat
39
the heart is composed of four chambers...
two atria and two ventricles
40
serum electrolyte test focus on the body's balance of
sodium potassium calcium magnessium which are necessary for muscle function
41
sodium (Na+) helps to maintain?
fluid balance
42
potassium (K+) is required for relaxation of ?
cardiac muscle
43
calcium (ca2+) is necessary for contraction of ?
cardiac muscle
44
magnesium (mg2+) helps maintain the correct level of electric excitability in the nerves and muscle including the ?
myocardium and the cardiac conduction system
45
an important cardiac marker is called ?
Troponin I
46
common lab exams to evaluate cardiovascular function are ?
``` Blood culture CBC INR PTT ESR ABG BNP ```
47
what are diagnostic tests to evaluate cardiovascular function?
``` cardiac catheterization Echocardiography Telemetry stress test PET thallium scanning ```
48
possible nursing diagnosis for the pt with MI include?
pain tissue perfusion anxiety constipation
49
signs and symptoms of HF with left ventricular failure include?
cough dyspnea pulmonary crackles frothy blood, tinged sputum
50
signs and symptoms of HF with right ventricular failure include?
edema in feet anorexia distended jugular vein
51
nursing interventions for the pt with valvular heart disease?
administering; - diuretics - digoxin - monitor i&o daily weight - take BP
52
nursing interventions for hypertension
risk factor recognition drug therapy exercise exercise technique
53
what is the heart failure that causes pt to drawn in their own fluid?
pulmonary edema
54
what to monitor in pt hydrothiazide ?
lungs daily weight i&o electrolyte
55
where is the location of the heart?
mediastinum
56
what is another way to check BNP?
hormone | BNP above 100 can cause heart failure
57
time is muscle
CAB CPR AED
58
What a is pump failure, characterized by low cardiac output and peripheral vascular system collapse?
Cardiogenic shock
59
Two types of cardiac rehabilitation are:
1. Exercise training to teach the pt how to exercise safely | 2. Education, counseling, and training to help the pt understand his or her heart conditions.
60
Valves are:
Triscupid, pulmonary, mitral and aortic

cardiovascular and peripheral disorders (3 decks)

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