Chapter 8 Terms- 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 Flashcards
(21 cards)
displacement
a measurement of the change in position of a moving body; a straight line connecting the start and end points is specified in terms of length and direction
distance
a measurement of how far apart objects are
error
the difference between the value that is measured and the actual measurement.
gradient
slope of a hill of a graph : gradient = rise/run
instantaneous speed
the speed of an object at a particular moment
precision
how close measured values are to each other
random error
error that changes
reaction distance
distance moved while reacting to an emergency
reaction time
the length of time it takes a driver to respond to a hazard
scalar quantity
a quantity, such as distance or time that has size but not direction
speed
the rate of change of distance
systematic error
error that always differs by the same amount
vector quantity
a quantity, such as displacement or velocity, that has size and direction
velocity
the rate of change of displacement
acceleration
rate of change of velocity
air resistance
friction between the air and a moving object
terminal velocity
the final velocity that an object falls with no further acceleration possible due to air resistance
inertia
the tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion
newtons first law of motion
an object at rest will remain this way unless it is acted upon by an unbalanced force; an object that is moving will continue to move in the same manner unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
newtons second law of motion
an object will accelerate in the direction of an unbalanced force acting upon it such that: F net=m x a
newtons third law of motion
for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
