Chapter 8 Test

Question 1

Which term best describes the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones

Answer 1

Catabolism

Question 2

What is true for anabolic pathways

Answer 2

They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers

Question 3

What is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 3

Energy can not be created or destroyed

Question 4

What is an important consequence for the first law of thermodynamics in living organisms

Answer 4

The organism must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment

Question 5

How does living organisms increasing in complexity as they grow (resulting in a decrease in entropy of an organism) connect to the second law of thermodynamics

Answer 5

As a consequence of growing, organisms cause a greater increase in entropy in their environment than the disease in entropy associated with their growth

Question 6

Whenever energy is transformed there is always an increase in the

Answer 6

Entropy of the universe

Question 7

What is a logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics

Answer 7

Every chemical reaction must increase the total entropy of the universe

Question 8

What is representative of the second law of thermodynamics

Answer 8

Cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization

Question 9

What is a type of reaction that would decrease the entropy within a cell

Answer 9

Anabolic reaction

Question 10

Biological evolution of life on Earth, from simple prokaryotic like cells to large, multicellular eukaryotic organisms has…

Answer 10

Occurred in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy

Answer 11

A molecule of glucose

Question 12

Which of the following is the smallest closed system

Answer 12

The universe

Question 13

Which of the following is true of metabolism in its entirety in all organisms

Answer 13

Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism

Question 14

The mathematical expression tor the change in free energy of a system is: Delta G= Delta H - T Delta S, what is true

Answer 14

Delta G is the change in free energy

Question 15

A system of chemical equilibrium…

Answer 15

Can do no work

Question 16

Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions

Answer 16

The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy

Question 17

What could be an example of a reaction at chemical equilibrium in a cell?

Answer 17

A chemical reaction in which both the reactants and products are not being produced or used in any active metabolic pathway

Question 18

What are the correct changes in thermo dynamic properties for a chemical reaction in which amino acids are linked to form a protein

Answer 18

+DeltaH, -DeltaS, +DeltaG

Question 19

The changes in free energy, total energy, and entropy are shown by…

Answer 19

+DeltaG, +DeltaH, -DeltaS

Question 20

A chemical reaction that has a positive DeltaG is correctly described as…

Answer 20

Endergonic

Question 21

Which of the following best describes enthalpy

Answer 21

The heat content of a chemical system

Question 22

Why is ATP an important molecule metabolism

Answer 22

It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions

Question 23

Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP

Answer 23

An RNA molecule

Question 24

What statement is true concerning catabolic pathways

Answer 24

They supply energy, primarily in the form of ATP, for the cell’s work

Question 25

When chemical, transport, or mechanical work is done by an organism, what happens to the heat generated

Answer 25

It is lost to the environment

Question 26

What purpose does it serve when ATP releases energy and inorganic phosphate

Answer 26

The phosphate may be incorporated into any molecule that contains phosphate

Question 27

What is the difference (if any) between the structure of ATP and the structure of the precursor of the A nucleotide in RNA

Answer 27

There is no difference

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true about enzyme catalyzed reactions

Answer 28

The reaction is faster than the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme

Question 29

Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's...

Answer 29

Activation energy

Question 30

A solution of starch at room temperature does not readily decompose to form a solution of simple sugars because...

Answer 30

The activation energy barrier for this reaction can nit be surmounted

Question 31

What is true about enzymes

Answer 31

They increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier

Question 32

The active sit of an enzyme is the region that

Answer 32

Binds allosteric regulators of the enzyme

Question 33

What is correct about the induced fit hypothesis if enzyme caralysis

Answer 33

The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme's active site

Question 34

Mutations that result in single amino acid substitutions un an enzyme...

Answer 34

May affect the physicochemical properties of the enzyme such as temp and pH

Question 35

Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following

Answer 35

Competitive inhibition

Question 36

What is true about enzymes

Answer 36

Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers

Question 37

Zinc present in carboxypeptidase most likely functions as

Answer 37

Cofactor necessary for enzyme activity

Question 38

How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate if an enzyme reaction

Answer 38

By binding at the active site of the enzyme

Question 39

What is the mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway called

Answer 39

Feedback inhibition

Question 40

Description of enzyme cooperativity

Answer 40

A substrate molecule bound to an active site if one subunit promotes substrate binding to the active site of other subunits

Question 41

Allosteric enzyme regulation us usually associated with

Answer 41

An enzyme with more than one subunit

Question 42

What is an example of cooperativity

Answer 42

A molecule binding at one unit of tetramer, allowing faster binding st each of the other three

Question 43

What other means does a cell use to control enzymatic activity

Answer 43

Localization of enzymes into specific organelles or membranes

Question 44

What properties must phospholipases that cleave the head groups of phospholipids exibit

Answer 44

Water solubility

Question 45

How might an amino acid change at a site distant from the active site of the enzyme alter the enzyme's substrate specificity

Answer 45

By changing the shape of the protien