Chapter 8: the human population

Question 1

Food insecurity is often directly correlated with

Answer 1

Poverty

Question 2

What does an aging population do to a country

Answer 2

strains a country’s social security

Question 3

Worldwide, life expectancy have increased due to

Answer 3

improvements in water quality
improvements in sanitation practices
better medical care
greater food production

Question 4

social, political, and economic problems resulting from continued population growth in less developed countries sometimes results in internal violence and political collapse. T/F

Answer 4

True

Question 5

The probability of future population growth is greater in an age structure diagram that is shaped like a(n):

Answer 5

Pyramid

Question 6

the social construct that results in women not having the same rights, opportunities, or privileges as men is termed:

Answer 6

Gender inequality

Question 7

Low rates of population growth are characteristic of what country

Answer 7

Japan

Question 8

the total fertility rate is affected by

Answer 8

the average age in which women marry
the laws and customs of society
the education level of women
the availability of family planning services

Question 9

The human population is projected to reach ____ by 2050

Answer 9

9 billion

Question 10

Replacement-level fertility is usually given as 2.0 children. T/F

Answer 10

False

2.1 children

Question 11

The need for food for the increasing number of people living in environmentally fragile arid lands has lead to:

Answer 11

Overuse of the land for grazing
overuse of land for crop production
an overall decrease in carrying capacity of the lands

Question 12

Population stabilization will most likely

Answer 12

Promote economic development

Question 13

To estimate global carrying capacity for humans, we must make certain assumptions about our quality of life. T/F

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Demography

Answer 14

the study of human population structure
the study of human population growth
provides info on the populations of various countries or groups of people
the applied branch of geography that deals with population statistics

Question 15

More men than women live in poverty, particularly in developing countries. T/F

Answer 15

False

more women live in poverty then men due to gender inequality

Question 16

the condition in which people live with chronic hunger and malnutrition is termed

Answer 16

Food insecurity

Question 17

According to Thomas Malthus, what are inevitable consequences of population growth

Answer 17

famine
disease
war

Question 18

what do Laos and Cambodia have in common

Answer 18

Have low average per capita GNI PPPs (gross national income in purchasing power parity)

Question 19

scientific advances have allowed food production to keep pace with human population growth. T/F

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The carrying capacity of the earth is impossible to answer precisely because estimates vary widely on what assumptions

Answer 20

technological innovations
standard of living
waste generation
resource consumption

not fossil fuel resources

Question 21

Why cant he IPAT model be considered misleading and what is the more accurate role of population?

Answer 21

population size in relation to environmental degradation is not as simple as the IPAT model makes it seem

Question 22

The boundary beyond which stress in an ecosystem no longer acts in a linear fashion

Answer 22

threshold

Question 23

acid rain is an example of what

Answer 23

a non-linear stress using a threshold

Question 24

condition under the combined effects of two causes is greater than the sum of the two causes acting in isolation of each other

Answer 24

synergy

Question 25

synergy is a linear dynamic T/F

Answer 25

false | grows faster than linearly

Question 26

why is it that even if habitat loss is proportional to the size of the human population, loss of habitat can cause more extinctions than expected

Answer 26

species depend on intact habitats | can't cut it into sections

Question 27

condition where a direct effect can trigger secondary or indirect effects that could be positive or negative

Answer 27

feedback

Question 28

Low-hanging fruit

Answer 28

low fruit picked first humans want best soil, water, food, etc, as draw down desirable resources over time, our options become limited to second-rate resources

Question 29

The future habitability of this planet will be shaped by highly nonlinear dynamic process T/F

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Zero population growth

Answer 30

when birth rate equals death rate

Question 31

carrying capacity

Answer 31

the max number of individuals of a population that a particular environment can support for an indefinite period, assuming no changes in the environment

Question 32

infant mortality rates

Answer 32

the number of infant deaths under one year old per 1000 live births

Question 33

total fertility rate

Answer 33

the average number of children born per woman, given the population's current birth rate worldwide is 2.5

Question 34

demographic transition

Answer 34

conversion from high to low birth rates | has 4 steps

Question 35

four steps of demographic transition

Answer 35

preindustrial transitional industrial postindustiral

Question 36

preindustiral stage

Answer 36

stage one of demographic transition | birth and death rates are high, and population grows at a modest rate

Question 37

transitional stage

Answer 37

stage two of demographic transition | lowered death rate with high healthcare, food and water and population grows rapidly

Question 38

industrial stage

Answer 38

stage three of demographic transition | lowered birth rate, slows population growth

Question 39

postindustrial stage

Answer 39

stage four of demographic transition | low birth rate and low death rates (people want small families)

Question 40

age structure

Answer 40

the number and proportion of people at each age in a population

Question 41

population growth momentum

Answer 41

the potential for future increase or decrease in a population based on the present age structure

Question 42

food security

Answer 42

the condition in which people do not live in hunger or fear of starvation

Question 43

food insecurity

Answer 43

the condition in which people live with chronic hunger and malnutrition

Question 44

economic development

Answer 44

an expansion in a government's economy, viewed by many as the best way to raise the standard of living

Question 45

culture

Answer 45

the ideas and customs of a group of people at a given period; which is passed down from generation to generation and evolves over time

Question 46

gender parity

Answer 46

the right of every child - boy or girl - to attend school

Question 47

voluntary simplicity

Answer 47

a way of life that involves wanting and spending less

Question 48

cornucopians

Answer 48

say tech will save us from Malthus' apocalypse

Question 49

neo-malthusians

Answer 49

tech is great for those that have access to it