Chapter 9: The Urban Environment

Question 1

the geographic distribution of people in rural areas, towns, and cities significantly influences the:

Answer 1

Social aspects of population growth

environmental aspects of population growth

economic aspects of population growth

Question 2

Wind can move a dust dome from over a city to nearby rural areas. T/F

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Demographers project that cities will be home to two-thirds of all humans by 2050. T/F

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What has the urban sprawl done to the environment

Answer 4

lead to an increase in water pollution

among other things…

Question 5

Local heat buildup in an area of high population density is called

Answer 5

Urban heat island

Question 6

What effect did transportation have on urban development in the 20th century

Answer 6

It increased the spatial scales of cities

Question 7

A dome of heated air that surrounds an urban area and contains a lot of air pollution is called

Answer 7

dust dome

Question 8

Evidence exists that prolonged exposure to high levels of noise causes a permanent constriction of blood vessels, which can increase the blood pressure, thereby contributing to heart disease. T/F

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Both political and economic factors influence land use planning. T/F

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Urbanization occurs because

Answer 10

Rural areas are often the sites of educational and cultural opportunity *

Question 11

Problems associated with the rapid growth rates of large urban areas include

Answer 11

Strain on the educational system

Poverty

Increased urban violence

Increased air pollution

Question 12

Former brownfields can be converted into

Answer 12

Residential sites

Recreational sites

Commercial sites

Question 13

Urban ecologists study processes, trends, and patterns of cities in the context of:

Answer 13

POET

Question 14

Cities in highly developed countries often have a higher ratio of men to women. T/F

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Cities often exhibit

Answer 15

Greater heterogeneity with respect to socioeconomic status

Question 16

Curitiba was the first city in Brazil to use a special low-polluting fuel made of diesel fuel, soybean extract, and alcohol. What is true about these benefits?

Answer 16

Reduced pollution *

Question 17

Cities with more than 10 Million inhabitants are called

Answer 17

megacities

Question 18

What does smart growth do

Answer 18

Creates communities that encourage pedestrian commutes

Preserves open spaces

Preserves farmlands

Incorporates compact development into its strategy

Question 19

The design of cities in which tall, multiple-unit residential buildings are close to shopping and jobs, and all are connected by public transportation is termed:

Answer 19

Compact development

Question 20

Sustainable cities exhibit these characteristics

Answer 20

Strong economies

A cultural sense of community

Enhancement of the well-being of current generations

Enhancement of the well-being of future generations

Question 21

three urban revolutions

Answer 21

Agriculture - formation of towns and cities

Industrial Revolution

Today - greatest population growth in cities ever

Question 22

Urbanizations

Answer 22

the process in which people increasingly move from rural areas to densely populated cities

Question 23

Urban agglomeration

Answer 23

an urbanized core region that consists of several adjacent cities or megacities and their surrounding developed suburbs

Question 24

Urban ecosystem

Answer 24

a heterogeneous, dynamic urban area studied in the context of a boarder ecological system

Question 25

POET

Answer 25

Population Organization Environment Technology

Question 26

brownfield

Answer 26

an urban area of abandoned, vacant factories, warehouses, and/or homes whose redevelopment is hindered due to possible contamination

Question 27

food desert

Answer 27

a neighborhood in which low-quality processed goods are far easier to obtain than good, healthy foods

Question 28

Land-use planning

Answer 28

the process of deciding the best uses for land in a given area

Question 29

Suburban sprawl

Answer 29

a patchwork of vacant and developed tracts around the edges of cities; contains a low population density

Question 30

In less than 20 years (by 2030), the urban populations of Africa and Asia are expected to double, T/F

Answer 30

True

Question 31

In 2008, half of the population officially lived in cities T/F

Answer 31

True

Question 32

By 2030 the towns and cities of the developing world will make up what percentage of the world's urban humanity

Answer 32

81%

Question 33

During the first wave of urbanization in north america, it took over 200 years to reach a 56% urban population. How long will it take developing countries, during the second wave of urbanization to achieve a similar percentage?

Answer 33

80 years

Question 34

Why are cities a good thing if built properly?

Answer 34

concentrate half of the earth's population on less than 3% of its land area

Question 35

The impact of globalization on cities especially in developing countries includes "cookie cutter" architecture that increases energy consumption T/F

Answer 35

true more energy to keep single home running

Question 36

As villages eventually grow into towns and cities, their air core temperature rises about

Answer 36

2-6 C

Question 37

What percentage of natural disasters that resulted in loss of life occurred in developing countries in the past 20 years?

Answer 37

90%

Question 38

What are the impacts of urban systems?

Answer 38

Coastal flooding sea level rise mixing salt water with fresh water provoking migration to other urban areas endangering critical ecosystems supplying ecological services and natural resources to urban areas

Question 39

Why is the LECZs so worried about Africa and Asia when it comes to sea level rise?

Answer 39

They live near the coasts Asia has 3/4 of the worlds population

Question 40

Why are small urban cities worse for the environment then megacities?

Answer 40

their planning and implementation is weak and can't plan greenly

Question 41

More people will make up a large part of future urban growth T/F

Answer 41

True

Question 42

More urban growth stems from migration today than from natural increase T/F

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Environmental problems of urban areas

Answer 43

rural areas shrinking and urban grows hydrologic cycle messed up - runoff storm systems - can become polluted untreated runoff suburban expansion and brownfields and sprawl