Chapter 8 - Unit 1

Question 1

Atria (singular: atrium)

Answer 1

These are the two top chambers, which receives blood (from the lungs or the body) into the heart

Question 2

Ventricles

Answer 2

These are the two bottom chambers, which pump blood (to the body or the lungs) out of the heart

Question 3

Septum

Answer 3

Wall of tissue that divides the left and right

Question 4

Aorta

Answer 4

• All blood going to the body is pumped through the largest vessel in your body called the aorta.
• The aorta carries blood from the left ventricle to the body.
• It forms an aortic arch, branching into arteries that carry blood to the head and arms.
• The rest of the aorta continues down to provide blood to the rest of the body.
• Carries oxygenated blood

Question 5

Vena Cavae

Answer 5

• Seperated in two: Superior vena cava + Inferior vena cava
• Carry deoxygenated blood
• Carry the oxygen-poor blood back to the heart where it is released in the right atrium

Question 6

Pulmonary Arteries

Answer 6

• Oxygen-poor blood is brought to the right ventricle
• It is brought up by the pulmonary arteries to be brought to the left and right lung to be oxygenated
• Only artery that carries oxygen-poor blood

Question 7

Pulmonary Veins

Answer 7

• Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs and back to the heart
• Releases blood in left atrium
• Only veins that carry oxygenated blood

Question 8

AV Node

Answer 8

• Receives impulse from SA Node
• Delays impulse so that ventricles may fill
• Transmits electrical signal to the Bundle of His
• Located in the bottom of the right atrium

Question 9

SA Node

Answer 9

• Pacemaker
• Causes atria to contract which sends signal to AV Node
• Located in the upper right atrium

Question 10

Atrioventricular Valves

Answer 10

• Located between the atria and the ventricles
• Tricuspid valve on the right side and bicuspid/mitral valve on the left
• When your atria squeeze blood into your ventricles these valves open up, once the ventricles contract they slam shut to keep blood from squirting back into the atria

Question 11

Semilunar Valves

Answer 11

• Located between the ventricles and the arteries that leave the heart
• Pulmonary Valve: Right ventricle to pulmonary artery (to lungs)
• Aortic Valve: Left ventricle to aorta (to body)
• Called semilunar because their valves are shaped like a half-moon
• When the ventricles contract these valves pop open and let blood shoot out into the arteries. When the ventricles relax, blood tries to flow backward, but the semilunar valves snap shut, to prevent blood from back flowing

Question 12

Purkinje Fibers

Answer 12

• Carry out electrical signals from the AV node
• Makes sure the ventricle contracts are quick and efficient (valves are open and closing properly and in time)

Question 13

Pulmonary System

Answer 13

• Moves blood between the heart and the lungs
• The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries.
• Oxygenated blood is returned from the lungs to the heart (left atrium), via the pulmonary veins

Question 14

Coronary System

Answer 14

• Network of blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle
• Coronary Arteries: Branch off the aorta and deliver oxygen rich blood (Right coronary artery and left coronary artery)
• Coronary Veins: Collect deoxygenated blood from the heart and return it to the right atrium

Question 15

Systemic System

Answer 15

• Moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body (NOT the lungs)
• Left side of the heart receives oxygen rich blood and then the heart pumps it out through the aorta/arteries
• Oxygen-poor blood is brought back to the right atrium via the veins

Question 16

Pericardium

Answer 16

• Outermost layer of the heart
• Functions for protection and lubrication

Question 17

Myocardium

Answer 17

• Middle layer of heart
• Muscle layer
• Important for contracting/pumping blood

Question 18

Endocardium

Answer 18

• Innermost layer
• Thing lining that covers the heart
• Functions for smooth flow and clot prevention

Question 19

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer 19

• Records electrical activity of the heart as it contracts and relaxes
• P Wave: Atrial contraction
• QRS Wave: Ventricular contraction
• T wave: Recovery phase

Question 20

Veins

Answer 20

• Carry blood back to the heart
• Walls are thinner and weaker than arteries
• Blood pressure is less, therefore they need valves
• Contraction of skeletal muscle aid in pushing blood
• Largest veins are the vena cava

Question 21

Artery

Answer 21

• Carries blood away from the heart to body tissue
• Thick muscular walls with three distinct layers
• Stretches to accommodate blood rushing

Question 22

Capillaries

Answer 22

• Gases, nutrients, and other materials are transferred to tissue cells and wastes
• Super small veins and arteries

Question 23

Vasoconstriction

Answer 23

The narrowing of blood vessels

Question 24

Vasodilation

Answer 24

Widening of blood vessels resulting in more blood entering the tissue area

Question 25

Systolic Pressure

Answer 25

The maximum pressure during ventricular contraction

Question 26

Diastolic Pressure

Answer 26

The lowest pressure before the ventricles contract

Question 27

Cardiac Output

Answer 27

- Indicator of the level of oxygen delivered to the body and the amount of work the body's muscles can perform - heart rate x stroke volume

Question 28

Stroke Volume

Answer 28

Amount of blood pumped by one ventricle in a single heartbeat