Chapter 8 Vocab Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Joint
A
A site where two or more bones meet
2
Q
How are joints classified?
A
by sructure and function
3
Q
What are the three structural classifications of joints?
A
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
4
Q
What are the three functional classifications of joints?
A
synarthroses,amphiarthroses,diarthroses
5
Q
Immovable and slightly immoveable joints are typically restricted to what portion of the skeleton?
A
the axial skeleton
6
Q
Which joints are generally immoveable?
A
fibrous joints
7
Q
Which types of joints are generally freely moveable?
A
synovial
8
Q
True or False: Cartilaginous joints have both rigid and slightly moveable examples
A
TRUE
9
Q
Fibrous joints are composed of what type of tissue?
A
dense fibrous connective tissue
10
Q
True or False: There is no joint cavity present in fibrous joints
A
TRUE
11
Q
The amount of movement in a fibrous joint is dependant on___________
A
the length of the connective tissue fibers
12
Q
What are the three types of fibrous joints?
A
sutures, syndesmoses,gomphoses
13
Q
What is a suture?
A
a seam of very short connective tissue fibers that are continous with the periosteum
14
Q
What are synostoses?
A
a term describing ossified, closed sutures
15
Q
True or False: The sutures of the skull fuse during middle age
A
TRUE
16
Q
In syndesmoses, bones are connected exclusively by ____________
A
ligaments
17
Q
What is the pronounciation of Syndesmoses?
A
sin-des-mo-sez
18
Q
Diarthroses
A
freely moveable joints
19
Q
Amphiarthroses
A
slightly moveable joints
20
Q
Synarthroses
A
immovable joints
21
Q
True or False: There is a joint cavity present in fibrous joints
A
FALSE
22
Q
What is a gomphosis?
A
A peg in socket joint
23
Q
A gomphosis is a type of __________(structural classification) joint
A
fibrous
24
Q
What is one example of a gomphoses?
A
A tooth in its alveolar socket
25
What are cartilaginous joints?
Joints in which the articulating bones are joined by cartilage
26
Cartilaginous joints are _______ moveable
not highly
27
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?
synchondroses and symphyses
28
What are Synchondroses ?
Joints in which bone is united by a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage
29
What are two examples of synchondroses?
epiphyseal plates and costal cartilages
30
What is a symphysis?
A joint where bone is united by fibrocartilage
31
Is hyaline cartilage also present in symphyses?
Yes, it is present covering the articulating ends of the bones
32
Symphyses are ____________ ( functional classification)
amphiarthrotic
33
Symphyses offer strength with ________
flexibility
34
What are two examples of symphyses?
pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs
35
What are synovial joints?
Joints in which the articulating bones are seperated by a fluid-containing joint cavity
36
Synovial joints are __________ ( functional classification)
diarthroses
37
What is one example of a synovial joint?
Nearly all the joints of the limbs would qualify
38
Synovial joints have six distinguishing features. What are they?
articular cartilage, joint cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments, and never and blood vessels
39
True or False: Synovial joints are richly supplied with nerve fibers but not blood vessels
FALSE
40
What is synovial fluid?
a slippery fluid which occupies the free spaces within a joint capsule
41
True or False: Synovial fluid can be found within articular cartilages
TRUE
42
What are capsular ligaments?
Thickened portions of the fibrous layer
43
What are Extracapsular ligaments?
distinct ligaments which lay outside the articular capsule
44
What are intracapsular ligaments?
Ligaments which are found just deep to the articular capsule but outside of the synovial membrane
45
What are the two layers of the articular capsule?
The fibrous layer and the synovial membrane
46
The fibrous layer of the articular capsule is composed of which type of tissue?
dense irregular connective tissue
47
The synovial membrane is composed of which type of tissue?
loose connective tissue
48
What are menisci?
Wedges or discs of fibrocartilage that separate articular surfaces
49
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball and socket
50
What are bursae?
A flattened fibrous sac lined with a synovial membrane which contains a thin film of synovial fluid
51
What is a tendon sheath?
an elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon that is subjected to friction
52
What is a muscles origin?
The point of the muscle that is attached to the immoveable (or less moveable bone)
53
What is a muscles insertion?
The point of the muscle that attaches to the moveable bone
54
What is noaxial movement?
Movement of a body part that which has no axis around which movement can occur
55
What is uniaxial movement?
Movement in one plane
56
What is biaxial movement?
Movement in two planes
57
What is multiaxial movement?
Movement in or aorund all three planes of space and axes
58
What are gliding movements?
Movements that occur when one flat or nearly flat bone glides over another
59
Gliding movements can be ______________ and forth or side to _________
back,side
60
What are two examples of joints that permit gliding movements
Articular processes of the vertebra and between intercarpal and intertarsal joints
61
What are angular movements?
Movements that increase or decrease the angle between any two bones
62
True or False: Angular movements can occur in any planr of the body
TRUE
63
What is flexion?
A bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings articulating bones closer together
64
What is extension?
A movement which increases the angle of the joint, opposite flexion
65
Flexion and extension typically occur in what plane?
Saggittal
66
What is hyperextension?
Extension beyond the anatomical position
67
Extension typically _______ a body part
straightens
68
What is Abduction?
Movement of a body part away from the midline or median plane
69
The movement of abduction takes place in what plane?
the forntal plane
70
In the case of fingers and toes, when talking about abduction, the ___________ is considered midline
the longest digit
71
True or False: Lateral bending of the trunk is considered abduction
FALSE
72
Lateral bending of the trunk away from midline is called______
lateral flexion
73
Adduction
The movement of a body part towards the midline
74
________________ is the opposite of abduction?
adduction
75
What is circumduction?
movement of a limb so that it describes a cone in space. The distal end moves in a circle while the point of the cone is more or less stationary
76
What is rotation?
The movement of a bone around its own long axis
77
What are two examples of joints that permit roation?
hip joints and between the first two cervical vertebra
78
True or False: Rotation may be directed towards or away from the midline
TRUE
79
What is supination?
Refers to a movement of the forarm in which the palm faces anteriorly
80
What is pronation?
Refers to a movement of the forarm in which the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly
81
The radius and ulna are parallel when the forarm is_______
supinated
82
What is dorsiflexion?
Occurs when the foot is lifted towards the shin
83
What is plantar flexion?
A movement which occurs when the foot is depressed ( pointing of the toes)
84
What is inversion?
A movement of the foot in which the sole turns medially
85
What is eversion?
A movement of the foot in which the sole turns laterally
86
What is protraction?
Noangular anterior movement in a transverse plane
87
What is retraction?
Nonangular posterior movement in a transverse plane
88
Protraction and retraction are movements which occur in which plane?
Transverse
89
What is elevation?
Movement of a body part superiorly
90
What is depression?
Movement of a body part inferiorly
91
What is opposition?
The movement that occurs when the thumb and fingers meet
92
What is one example of a hinge joint?
The articulation of the humerus and ulna
93
What is one example of a Pivot joint?
The articulation of the radius and ulna; radius is the axel and the ulna is the sleeve
94
What is one example of a plane joint?
The articulation between the carpals and the metacarpals
95
What is one example of a condylar joint?
The articulations between the phalanges and the metacarpals
96
What is one example of a saddle joint?
The articulation between metacarpal 1 and the Trapezium
97
What is one example of a ball and socket joint?
The articulation between the scapula and the humerus
98
What is the largest and most complex joint in the body?
the knee
99
True or False: The knee contains three joints within one joint cavity
TRUE
100
What is the femoropatellar joint?
The articulation between the patella and the lower end of the femur
