Chapter 8.2 Flashcards
What are the three theories that explain person-as-machine?
- Need theory
- Two-factor theory
- reinforcement theory
What is the need theory from Maslow
Maslow’s need theory proposed that all humans have a basic set of needs and that these needs express themselves over the life span of the individual as internal drives.
What are the need sets that Maslow refers to
- physiological
- security
- love or social
- esteem
- self-actualization
what is the two factor theory proposed by Hertzberg?
The two-factor theory suggest that there were really two basic needs. These two needs are hygiene needs and motivator needs. The hygiene needs are often factors related to dissatisfaction and the motivator needs to satisfaction
what does the reinforcement theory propose?
The reinforcement theory proposes that behavior depends on three simple elements
1. stimulus
2. response
3. reward
It proposes that if a response in the presence of a particular stimulus is rewarded that is is likely that the response is likely to occur again in de presence of that stimulus.
What are the four theories of the person-as-scientist metaphor
- path-goal theory
- VIE theory
- Dissonance theory
- equity theory
what is the path goal theory?
the path goal theory is the first formal work motivation. The theory suggest that people weighed options before choosing among them. Suggesting that when someone sees high productivity as a path to the goal of desired rewards, then he or she would likely be a high producer.
What does the VIE theory suggest
the VIE theory assumes that individuals rationally estimate the relative attractiveness and unattractiveness of different rewards or outcomes.
What is the formula for motivation?
Motivation = Expectancy x instrumentality x valence
What is expectancy?
expectancy means an individuals belief that a particular behavior will lead to higher performance.
What is instrumentality?
Instrumentality means the perceived relationship between performance and the attainment of a certain outcome
What is Valence?
Valence is the value of the outcome, so the reward.
What does the dissonance theory suggest?
The dissonance theory suggests that tension exists when individuals hold incompatible thoughts. This approach assumes that individuals always seek some sense of balance and that they will direct their behavior toward reducing the tension.
What does the equity theory suggest?
The equity theory suggests that individuals look at their world in terms of comparative inputs and outcomes. Suggesting individuals compare their inputs and outcomes with others by developing an input/outcome ratio.
