Chapter 8b Minerals Flashcards
Define minerals
Inorganic substances found in soil and rock
What are the macrominerals
Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Sodium Potassium Chloride Sulfur
What are the trace minerals
Copper Cobalt Chromium Iron Iodine Manganese Zinc Fluoride Selenium
Calcium
Macromineral Most abundant mineral in the body Storage: Bones, teeth 1% of body's calcium is in the blood Peak bone mass- 20 y/o Supplements: Ca, Vit D, Vit A, Mg, P RDI 1,000 mg/day
Phosphorus
Macromineral Second most abundant mineral in the body 85% found in bones with calcium Roles: Buffers, DNA and RNS, ATP, Phospholipids, Assists enzymes DRI 700 mg/day
Magnesium
Macromineral
Major mineral but small amount
Bones and kidneys stores and conserves
Works with calcium
Roles in the body are critical and widespread (heart function, enzyme function, metabolism of other minerals and vit D, releases energy from food)
Deficiency: Protein malnutrition, alcoholism
Toxicity: Rare: Accident poisoning with supplements
RDI 310 mg/day
Sodium
Macromineral
Roles: Major part of fluid and electrolyte balance
Positively charged ion outside of the cell
30-40% found on bone crystals
Recommendations much less than actual average intake
RDI 1/2 tsp of salt daily
Potassium
Macromineral
Positively charged ion inside of the cells
Roles: Fluid and electrolyte balance. Heartbeat (Na-K pump)
Deficiency: Dehydration-Loss from inside of cells/heart failure: Also seen in kwashiorkor. Diarrhea, diuretics without K supplements
Toxicity: IV- Instant death from injection, Crush Syndrome-When one is in a situation where there is death of cells due to impact elevating potassium levels.
DRI 4,700 mg/day
Chloride
Macromineral
Accompanies Na
Hydrochloride Acid- digestion
Sulfate
Macromineral
Roles: Amino acids; functional shapes of proteins
No recommended intake
Deficiencies are unknown
Iodine
Trace mineral
Role: Thyroxine (Hormone that affects thyroid function)
Deficiency: Seen in those that live more inland because coastal people have fish. Goiter-Thyroid is enlarged. Cretinism-during pregnancy
Toxicity: Deadly
Mainly found in iodized salt
Iron
Trace mineral
Every living cell contains iron
Involved in two proteins- Hemoglobin/blood and Myoglobin/Muscle
Roles: Carrying oxygen and making new cells
Stored in the liver and salvaged from dead RBC’s in spleen and liver
Deficiency- Bleeding, Pica, Anemia
RDI 18 mg/day
Zinc
Trace mineral Works with proteins in every organ Affects behavior, learning, and mood Boost the immune system Essential in wound healing, sperm production, taste perception RDI 8 mg/day
Selenium
Trace mineral
Roles: Thyroid hormones, antioxidant w/ vitamin E
Toxicity: Hair loss, diarrhea, nerve abnormalities
Sources depend on soil content
Chromium
Trace Mineral
Roles: Glucose level and insulting
Recommendation-Supplements for diabetes
Sources: Whole grains
