Chapter 9/10/11 Flashcards
(52 cards)
What is the name of the connective tissue structure that connects muscle to bone?
Tendon
Muscular fiber is covered by?
Endomysium
Fascicle composed by many fibers is covered by?
Perimysium
___?____ is composed by many fascicles which is covered by (Epimysium)
a muscle
Structure of a muscle?
●Endomysium,
●Perimysium,
●Epimysium (deep fascia)
Muscular System
1 Muscular fiber ( or muscle cell) is made up of proteins called myofilaments.
●Myofilaments Types
●Thick Myosin
●Thin Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin
●Neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
●Neurotransmitter
●Synaptic cleft
●Receptors
●Motor end plate
What is NMJ?
Neuromuscular junction
(A)The branched end of a motor neuron makes contact with the membrane of a muscle fiber (cell).
(B) Enlarged view of the NMJ showing release of neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) into the synaptic cleft.
(C) Acetylcholine attaches
to receptors in the motor end plate, whose folds increase surface area
. (D) Electron microscope photograph of the neuromuscular junction.
Muscles are activated by the nervous system. What is the name of the special synapse where a nerve cell contacts a muscle cell?
NMJ - Neuromuscular junction
What neurotransmitter is involved in the stimulation of skeletal muscle cells?
ACH - Acetylcholine
Muscle contraction happens when ACH is released from motor neurons.
What are two properties of muscle cells that are needed for response to a stimulus?
Excitability and Contractility
What are the filaments that interact to produce muscle contraction?
Myosin-actin
Properties of Muscle Tissue
Excitability
●Action potential
Contractility
●Actin
●Myosin
●Troponin
●Tropomyosin
●Sarcomere
●ATP
Giant CATT expose My Actine
●G
●I -Impulse
●A- Ach
●N- Na+
●T- T tubules
●Ca- Release Ca++
●T Troponin
●T Tropomyosin
●Release
●My Myosin
●A Actin
Ca++ must interact with ________ to form the “cross-bridges” in muscles?
Troponin
What mineral is needed to allow actin and myosin to interact?
CA++
Compounds in muscle cells that store oxygen, energy, or nutrients
●Myoglobin
●Glycogen
●Creatine phosphate
What are Energy Sources
●Muscle contraction requires energy (ATP), oxidized in muscle cells from
●Oxygen
●Glucose or another usable nutrient
When muscles work without oxygen, a compound is produced that causes muscle fatigue.
What is the name of this compound?
Lactic acid
●Types of Muscle Contractions
Partial (muscle tone or tonus)
*Isotonic
●No change in tension
●Muscle length shortens
●Movement
●Strengthens the muscles in the entire range of motion, while improving joint mobility.
●Concentric Lift weight
●Eccentric Weight return back
*Isometric
●Great increase in tension
●Muscle length unchanged
●No movement
●Primarily used in physiotherapy and rehabilitation following an injury
The partially contracted state of muscle is known as what?
Tonus
Isotonic vs isometric
Isotonic
Same Tension; Changing Length
Isometric
Same Length; Changing Tension
Muscles are attached to bones by means of tendons: one attached to a less movable part of the skeleton, and one attached to a movable part.
What are the names of these two attachment points?
Origin and insertion
The Mechanics of Muscle Movement
●Tendons attach muscles to bones
●Origin
●Attached to more fixed part of skeleton
●Insertion
●Attached to more moveable part of skeleton
Muscles are attached to bones by means of tendons: one attached to a less movable part of the skeleton, and one attached to a movable part.
What are the names of these two attachment points?
Origin and Insertion
Muscle origin is the location of the muscle attachment to the bone.
Muscle insertion describes on which bone of a joint a muscle end attaches.
Muscles work together to produce movement.
What is the name of the muscle that produces a movement as compared with the muscle that produces an opposite movement?
Antagonist
