Chapter 9 & 10 (continued)

Question 1

Define: population

Answer 1

the entire group under study as defined by research objectives

Question 2

Define: sample

Answer 2

a subset of the population that should represent the entire group

Question 3

Define: sample unit

Answer 3

the basic level of investigation

Question 4

define: census

Answer 4

an accounting of the complete population

Question 5

define: sample frame

Answer 5

a master list of the sample units in the population

Question 6

define: sample frame error

Answer 6

the degree to which the sample frame fails to account for all of the population

Question 7

define: sampling error

Answer 7

any error in a survey that occurs because a sample is used

Question 8

3 reasons to take a sample

Answer 8

1. practicality (cost, time, population size.
2. inability of researcher to analyze huge amounts of data from census
3. samples can produce precise results

Question 9

define: probability samples

Answer 9

ones in which members of the population have a known chance (probability) of being selected into the sample

Question 10

define: nonprobability samples

Answer 10

instances in which the chances (probability) of selecting members from the population into the sample are unknown

Question 11

What are the four probability sampling methods?

Answer 11

1. simple random sampling
2. systematic sampling
3. cluster sampling
4. stratified sampling

Question 12

Define: simple random sampling

Answer 12

the probability of being selected into the sample is “known” and equal for all members of the population

Question 13

What is the probability of selection for simple random sampling?

Answer 13

sample size/population size

Question 14

What is the blind draw method or random device method?

Answer 14

the use of an apparatus of some sort to ensure that every member of the population has the same chance of being selected into the sample

Question 15

Define: systematic sampling

Answer 15

way to select a random sample from a directory or list that is much more efficient than simple random sampling

Question 16

what is a skip interval

Answer 16

determined by taking the size of your sampling frame (or population) and divided by the sample size needed

Question 17

How does systematic sampling work?

Answer 17

randomly choose a start, pick a nth sample unit for study

Question 18

define: cluster sampling

Answer 18

method in which the population is divided into groups, any of which can be considered a representative sample

Question 19

cluster sampling is also called

Answer 19

area sampling

Question 20

in cluster sampling, the population is divided into subgroups, called

Answer 20

clusters

Question 21

Each cluster should represent the _____

Answer 21

population

Question 22

True or false: Area sampling is a form of cluster sampling

Answer 22

true

Question 23

What is area sampling?

Answer 23

the geographic area is divided into clusters

Question 24

When the researcher knows the answers to the research question are likely to vary by subgroups, the sample may be divided into

Answer 24

strata

Question 25

define: stratified sampling

Answer 25

method in which the population is separated into different strata and a sample is taken from each stratum

Question 26

You assume responses to variables will vary across a population. The greater this variance, the _____ accurate your predictions/results become

Answer 26

less

Question 27

If you can break up the population into smaller, more homogeneous groups, and measure the variable independent of each other, then _____ attributed to group differences can be accounted for

Answer 27

variance

Question 28

The less variance in a group, the _____ sample size it takes to produce a precise answer

Answer 28

less

Question 29

Why is stratified sampling more precise?

Answer 29

Allows the researcher to allocate more of the sample to strata with more variance and less of the sample to strata with less variance

Question 30

True or false: nonprobability sampling methods are based on fairness, equity, or equal chance

Answer 30

False

Question 31

What are the four nonprobability sampling methods?

Answer 31

convenience sampling, purposive sampling, referral sampling, quota sampling

Question 32

Define: convenience samples

Answer 32

Samples drawn at the convenience of the interviewer

Question 33

define: purposive samples

Answer 33

requires a judgment or an educated guess as to who should represent the sample

Question 34

define: referral samples

Answer 34

require respondents to provide the names of prospective respondents

Question 35

define: quota samples

Answer 35

specified percentages of the total sample for various types of individuals to be interviewed

Question 36

define: online panels

Answer 36

large numbers of individuals who have agreed to participate in online suveys

Question 37

define: river samples

Answer 37

created via the use of banners, pop-ups, or other online devices that invite website visitors to take part in the survey

Question 38

define: email list samples

Answer 38

purchased or otherwise procured from someone or some company that has compiled email addresses of opt-in members of the population of interest

Question 39

a sample size decision is usually a compromise between what is theoretically perfect and what is ________

Answer 39

practically feasible

Question 40

Many practitioners have a large sample bias, which is.....

Answer 40

a false belief that sample size determines a sample's representativeness

Question 41

Is sampling method related to representativeness?

Answer 41

Yes, using a poor or sloppy method to collect data causes error and is only corrected by using a better method.

Question 42

Only a _______ sample is truly representative of a population

Answer 42

probability sample

Question 43

Sample size does help determine the

Answer 43

accuracy of findings

Question 44

Define: sample accuracy

Answer 44

refers to how close a random sample's statistic is to the true population's value it represents

Question 45

Define: nonsampling error

Answer 45

pertains to all sources of error other than sample selection method and sample size

Question 46

Define: sampling error

Answer 46

involves sample selection and sample size

Question 47

How many responses do you want for every item on a survey?

Answer 47

5 minimum

Question 48

More sophisticated approaches take into account ________ which help you interpret results

Answer 48

confidence intervals

Question 49

There is only one method of determining sample size that allows the researcher to predetermine the accuracy of the sample results....

Answer 49

confidence interval method of determining sample size

Question 50

When thinking sample size, what three things should you balance?

Answer 50

level of confidence, variability, and amount of acceptable sample error

Question 51

define: variability

Answer 51

refers to how similar or dissimilar responses are to a given question

Question 52

The more important the decision, the ____ the sample error

Answer 52

smaller

Question 53

The more important the decision, the more likely the manager will want ______ confidence

Answer 53

more