Chapter 9 Flashcards
(19 cards)
replicon
unit of replication
theta replication
replication of circular DNA that is initiated by the unwinding of the two nucleotide strands, producing a replication bubble
requirements of replication
a template strand, raw materials, enzymes
bidirectional replication
replication at both ends of a replication bubble
okazaki fragments
short length of newly synthesized DNA produced by discontinuous replication on the lagging strand
initiator protein
protein that binds to an origin of replication and causes a short section of DNA to unwind
DNA helicase
enzyme that unwinds double-stranded DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds that exist between the two nucleotide strands of a DNA molecule
single-strand-binding proteins
protein that attach tightly to the exposed single-stranded DNA during replication
DNA gyrase
topoisomerase enzyme in E. coli that relieves the torsional strain that builds up ahead of the replication fork
primase
enzyme that synthesizes a short stretch of RNA on a DNA template
primer
short stretch of RNA on a DNA template
DNA polymerase III
elongates a new nucleotide strand from the 3’-OH group provided by the primer
DNA polymerase I
removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA
DNA ligase
joins okazaki fragments by sealing breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone of newly synthesized DNA
proofreading
process by which DNA polymerases remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides in the course of replication
mismatch repair
process that corrects mismatched nucleotides in DNA after replication has been completed
replication licensing factors
protein that ensures that replication takes place only once at each origin of replication
G-rich 3’
a guanine-rich sequence of nucleotides
Telomerase
enzyme that replicates the telomeres of eukaryotic chromosomes
