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Death and Dying > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

we form _______ to enrich our lives

however doing so puts us at risk for _____.

A

attachments

loss

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2
Q

types of loss

A 
primary
secondary
death related losses
losses not related to death
nonfinite losses
ambiguous losses
traumatic losses
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3
Q

primary loses

A

the termination of close attachments or relationships

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4
Q

secondary losses

A

those that follow from a primary loss

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5
Q

when is a loss or death termed traumatic?

A
  1. suddenness and lack of anticipation
  2. violence, mutilation, and destruction
  3. preventability and randomness
  4. multiple deaths or loses
  5. personal encounter, threat to survival or shocking confrontation with death
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6
Q

shock effects tend to overwhelm a mourner’s capacity to ____.

multiple deaths can produce a form of _________.

A

cope

bereavement overload

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7
Q

bereavement definition

A

objective situation of individuals who have experienced loss

identify the aftermath of loss

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8
Q

three essential elements in all bereavement

A
  1. an attachment or relationship with some person or thing that is valued
  2. the loss, ending, separation of that relationship
  3. an individual who is deprived of the valued person or thing by the loss
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9
Q

what is grief

A

term that includes internal and external reactions to loss

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10
Q

grief is a ______ or discomforting disturbance of everday equilibrium

A

dis-ease (not disease)

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11
Q

clinical depression

A

form of grieving by angry impulses toward the loved person turned inward toward themselves

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12
Q

guilt

A

thoughts and feelings of blame

thinking he or she could’ve done something

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13
Q

unrealistic guilt

A

a temporary acceptance of blame

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14
Q

what makes a difference in gried and bereavement

A
  1. nature of prior attatchment
  2. the way the loss occurred
  3. the coping strategies
  4. the developmental situation of person
  5. the support available
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15
Q

anticipatory grief

A

reactions to losses that have not yet occurred and are not yet in process

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16
Q

anticipatory mourning

A

responses to these losses and efforts to cope with anticipated losses and related grief reactions

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17
Q

can greif be absent

A

Deutsh suggested absence of feelings was a problem

Bonanno disagreed and said they are optimistic

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18
Q

mourning definition

A

essential process for those who are trying to cope with loss and grief

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19
Q

mourning has two complementary forms

A
  1. internal, private, intrapersonal
    - grieving and inward struggles to cope
  2. outward, public, or interpersonal
    - visible and shared expressions of grief
    - effort to obtain social support
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20
Q

theries of mourning

A

early theoretical models

more recent theories

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21
Q

early theoretical models of mourning

A
  1. there is some universal human pattern to how human beings respond to loss
  2. that pattern is best understood as a series of normative stages or phases which successful mourners work through toward some goal of completion
22
Q

more recent theories of mourning

A
  1. personal in character, no universal pattern exists
  2. affected by cultural norms and social expectations
  3. complex, personal interactions with emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, and spiritual components
23
Q

bowlby and parkes phases in mourning

A
  1. Shock & numbness
  2. Yearning & searching
  3. Disorganization & despair
  4. Reorganization
24
Q

sanders phases in mourning

A
  1. shock
  2. awareness of loss
  3. conservation-withdrawal
  4. healing-the turning point
  5. renewal
  6. fulfillment
25
Q

kubler-ross, kessler, and others mourning stages

A 
denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance
26
Q

new models of active coping and personal pathways

A

tasks in mourning
the dual-process model
adaptive grieving styles
efforts at meaning reconstruction

27
Q

worden’s tasks in mourning

A
  1. To accept the reality of the loss
  2. To process the pain of grief
  3. To adjust to a world without the deceased
  4. To find an enduring connection with the deceased in the midst of embarking on a new life
28
Q

the dual process model

A

oscillation between two sets of dynamic and interrelated processes incoping with bereavement

  1. working thru loss and grief
  2. addressing secondary losses and new challenges

eveyones experience being different

29
Q

adaptive grieving styles

A

intuitive grievers

instrumental grievers

30
Q

intuitive grievers

A

emphasize experiencing and expressing emotion

31
Q

instrumental grievers

A

focus on practical matters and problem solving

32
Q

feminine model

A

only right way to mourn is expressing emotion and reaching out and accepting help

33
Q

masculine model

A

suppresses emotion except anger and guilt
hides vulnerability
focuses on practical problems and work

34
Q

meaning reconstruction

A

desire for humans to seek meaning to have structure in the chaos

meaning making and meaning finding

35
Q

three essential principles of meaning reconstruction

A
  1. grieving entails reconstructing the world of meaning
  2. adaptation to bereavement involves redifining a continued bond with the deceased
  3. narrative methos can restore a sense of autobiographical coherence
36
Q

continuing bonds

A

invloves an internal representation of that individual so they keep a presence in ur life

ppl can also make rememberence social media to keep them alive.

37
Q

enriched rememberence

A

efforts to restructure the relationahip so as to carry its legacy forward with the bereaved person into his or her new modes of living

38
Q

possibilities for transformation and growth in grief anf mourning… two key questions?

A
  1. are there fixed end points in grief and mourning?

2. are there oppurunities for growth adn tranformation in these experiences?

39
Q

examples of claims on behalf of fixed end points in mourning

A

recovery
resolution
completion

40
Q

recovery

A

often sadi to be the goal of mourning

41
Q

resolution

A

the idea that one is healed and could be essentially inchanged by the loss experience

42
Q

completion

A

the idea of a once and for all closure after which there is no more mourning

43
Q

when does grief get better

A

when a person can do tasks of daily living and can invest in life again.

when it doesnt hurt as much

44
Q

complicated grief reactions

A

personal distress and disruption in everyday activities

chronic persistant or prolonged in duration

45
Q

four types of complicated grief reactions

A
  1. chronic grief
  2. delayed grief
  3. exaggerated grief
  4. masked grief reactions
46
Q

complications typically develop as a result of …

A

difficulties with the relationship of deceased
circumstances of the death
bereaved history or personality
social factors surrounding the experience

47
Q

why can complicated grief reactions lead to harmful affects if stated as an illness.

A
  1. normal reactions to death of a loved one will be misclassified as a mental disorder
  2. antidepressants prescribes for depression, but they dont help with bereaved.
  3. prescriptions written by pcp most of time, and they might not have training for bereavement.
48
Q

How are families significant in their members’ bereavements?

A

They provide a context that influences members’ experiences of loss, grief, & mourning

49
Q

How do families differ in the ways in which they affect their members’ bereavements?

A

For example, by being permissive/restrictive, supportive or unsupportive

50
Q

Do families grieve as a unit?

A

Only individuals experience grief; families are not persons & do not engage in these intrapersonal processes

51
Q

Do families as a unit cope with loss & grief?

A

Families do engage in a type of systemic coping with loss & grief

Death and Dying (14 decks)

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