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Death and Dying > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Kastenbaum’s definitions of death system

A
  • The sociophysical network by which we mediate & express our relationship to mortality
  • The interpersonal, sociophysical, & symbolic network through which society mediates the individual’s relationship to mortality
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2
Q

Functions of a societal death system

A
  1. to give warnings and predictions
  2. to prevent death
  3. to care for the dying
  4. to dispose of the dead
  5. to work toward social consolidation
  6. to help make sense of death
  7. to bring about socially-sanctioned death
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3
Q

examples of WARNING AND PREDICTIONS in a societal death system

A

sirens
flashing lights
media weather alerts

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4
Q

examples of PREVENTING DEATH in a societal death system

A

Police & security officers
emergency medical care systems
Dept. of Homeland Security

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5
Q

examples of CARING FOR THE DYING in a societal death system

A

hospice

hospitals

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6
Q

examples of DISPOSING OF THE DEAD in a societal death system

A

cemeteries

crematories

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7
Q

examples of WORKING TOWARD SOCIAL CONSOLIDATION in a societal death system

A

funeral rituals

bereavement support groups

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8
Q

examples of MAKING SENSE OF DEATH in a societal death system

A

religious, spiritual, and philosophical programs

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9
Q

examples of BRINGING ABOUT SOCIALLY SANCTIONED DEATH in a societal death system

A

war
capital punishment
slaughtering livestock

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10
Q

People in societal death systems

A 
funeral directors
lawyers
medical
examiners
florists
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11
Q

Places in a societal death system

A

cemeteries
funeral homes
“Hallowed ground”
health care institutions

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12
Q

times in a societal death system

A

Memorial Day

death anniversaries

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13
Q

objects in a societal death system

A

tombstones
hearses
obituaries
gallows

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14
Q

symbols in a societal death system

A

skull and crossbones
black armbands
“ashes to ashes, dust to dust”

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15
Q

events of September 11, 2001

A

revealed both ineffective and effective aspects of American death system

increased feelings of nationalism among many American citizens

redefined freedom, rights, and personal liberties in the United States

led to the invasion of Afghanistan to rout Taliban leaders hosting al-Qaeda

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16
Q

Death caused by human beings

A 
accidents
homicide
terrorism
war, genocide, and ethnic cleansing
the holocaust
the nuclear era
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17
Q

death by accident is about ___ percent of all deaths per year. It is the ___ leading cause of death overall and __ for ages 1-44 yrs.

Each accidental death affects about ___ survivors. Affects ____ ppl in the US and many suffer disabling injuries.

Gradual ____ in overall accidental deaths since 2000.

A

5%
4th
1st cause

10
more than a million

increase

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18
Q

motor vehicle accidents are ____ percent of accidental deaths.

Highest death rates by age is
___ to ____ years old
___ to ____ years old
___ to ____ years old

and by gender ?

A

26%

15 to 24
75 to 84
85 and older

males way more

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19
Q

What is Homicide or “assault”?
it is the ___ leading cause of overall death in US
death rate of ___ per 100,000.
rates have been _____ since the 1980s

A

An act by one human being that is intended to or actually does kill another human being

17th
5.0 per 100,000

gradually increased

20
Q

Homicide demographics by age:

Highest rates among \_\_\_ to \_\_\_ yrs
\_\_\_\_ per 100,000
Second rates among \_\_\_ to \_\_\_ yrs
\_\_\_\_ per 100,000
Third rates among \_\_\_ to \_\_\_ yrs
\_\_\_\_ per 100,000

almost ___ % of homicide deaths involve ppl between ___ and ___ yrs.

rates _____ after young adulthood

A

25 to 34
9.6 per 100,000

15 to 24
9.5 per 100,000

1 to 4 and 15 to 34

69 %
15 and 44

decline

21
Q

homicide demographics gender and race

_____ are far more likely to be both perpetrator and victims of homicide (ratio of ___ : ___)

leading cause of death in _______
rate of _____ per 100,000 (___ for males alone)

A

males
3.8 to 1

African Americans
17.8 per 100,000 (32.1 for only males)

22
Q

Approximately __ % of all homicides occur between family members or acquaintances

in ___ % of all homicides the victims and assailants are of the same race

strongly correlated with use or misuse of firearms
______ deaths

A

50%
90%
11,008

23
Q

Definition of Terrorism

A

violent acts or threats intended to intimidate or create fear

perpetrated on behalf of some religious, political, or idealogical goal

acts that target or disregard safety of civilians

24
Q

Individual terrorism

A

one or two ppl engage in an act that harms or kills others and destroys property

perceives him or herself to be weaker than his or her opponent

expressing anger with those who are targeted

desires to mobilize the larger society to rectify some wrong or to act in some other desired way

25
Q

examples of individual terrorism

A

Timothy McVeigh with help of Terry Nichols bombed the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995

Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev placed pressure-cooker bombs near the finish line of the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013

26
Q

Group Terrorism

A

Formally or informally organized group of people who attempt to do harm for religious, political, or ideological reasons to those whom it perceives as its opponents

27
Q

Goals of Group Terrorism

A

to force outsiders to leave the country or area
to overthrow a perceived puppet regime
to lay claim to political power
to try to set up a separate power

28
Q

example of group terrorism

A

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
- radical catholic and protestant factions at one point in the northern island, Chechen separatists, Boko haram in northern Nigeria, and the Islamic State group (ISIS) in Iraq and Syria

29
Q

state supported terrorism and its goal

A

employed by a political administration against its own or neighboring population

stronger side acts on weaker group

the goal is to coerce certain behaviors or to remove the targeted group from society through forced emigration or extermination

30
Q

example of state supported terrorism

A

Saddam Hussein employed terrorist tactics against some Kurdish communities in Iraq in 1988

Nazis in Germany 1930s & early 1940s acted to eliminate Jewish people & other groups of persons

31
Q

Mean by which terrorists employ action

A

act at a distance with minimal risk of self-harm
- EX : car bombs, IEDs

Direct presence of the perp with escape plans but potentially high life-threatening risk
- EX : Snipers, Kidnappers

Self destruction
- EX : suicide bombers

32
Q

Implications of Terrorism (issues afterward with survivors)

A
  • Challenges personal security & safety, as well as common assumptions about life & the world
  • Survivors may feel abandoned by a social system that often is unable to either find or prosecute the perpetrators
33
Q

war

A

to overcome another society or group

or to repel some aggressive action

34
Q

genocide

A

violent crimes committed against groups intending to destroy the very existence of the group & its members

35
Q

ethnic cleansing

A

involves the forcible relocation of population groups; often becomes a form of genocide

36
Q

war, genocide, and ethnic cleansing typically lead to …

A

social disruption both directly and indirectly in suffering and death

difficulty grasping or making sense of these events and such huge numbers

37
Q

_____ forcibly displaced people worldwide

more than half are _______

A

65.3 million

children

38
Q

the holocaust

A

WWII

Nazi’s systematic, ideologically driven program to eliminate the Jewish “race” gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, those who said to be Untermensh or subhuman

the “final solution” culminated in the slaughter of 6 million european jews and millions of others during the late 1930 early 1940s

39
Q

Nuclear weapons

A

a form of socially-sanctioned death

first tested July 16th 1945 at trinity site new mexico USA

Used as a weapon in WWII

  • hiroshima aug 6 1945
  • nagasaki japan aug 9 1945

weapons of mass destruction

40
Q

nuclear energy

A

a source of much needed energy world wide

peaceful use carries significant dangers to mankind

Accidents
- three mile island 1979 and chernobyl 1986

Natural Disasters
- japan’s earthquake and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant 2011

41
Q

people go to great lengths to avoid saying words like _____ and _____

A

death and dying

42
Q

Euphonisms

A
  • substituting a pleasant or inoffensive word or expression for language viewed as harsher or more offensive
  • arise out of human experiences with death
  • over reliance can distance us from important and fundamental events of life itself
43
Q

people are comfortable with death language as long as the events have nothing to do with actual death and dying, such as …

A

dead batteries, a deadpan expression, a dead giveaway

being dead drunk, dead tired, dead serious, dead certain, a deadbeat, scared to death

marksmen hit the target dead center and have a dead eye or are dead shots

worried to death

ebarrassed may say i wish i was dead

44
Q

purposes of death related language

A

Emphasis & exaggeration
Dramatization & intensification
Power & dominance

45
Q

Deth experiences with News Reports

A
  • highly selective portrait of death and life
  • unusual modes of death come to be seen as ordinary or typical
  • our own deaths are perceived as less likely to happen and more remote
46
Q

Fantasized death and violence thru entertainment in the media

A
  • deaths are unrealistic or fantasized
  • death is distorted and associated more with violence and gore
  • impact on society is a looser grip on the genuine expe4riences of life and dearth

Death and Dying (14 decks)

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