Chapter 9

Question 1

What is Radiation?

Answer 1

Energy transmitted by waves through space or through matter.

Question 2

What is Energy?

Answer 2

Ability to do work

Question 3

What is Ionization?

Answer 3

Any process by which a neutral atom gains or loses an electron thus acquiring a net charge.

Question 4

Radiography

Answer 4

making of records of internal structures by passing x-rays through the body to act on specialized film or digital image receptor

Question 5

ALARA

Answer 5

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

Question 6

Always wear a………

Answer 6

Radiation monitoring badge

Question 7

Two basic sources of ionizing radiation

Answer 7

Natural background and Human made

Question 8

Examples of Natural radiation

Answer 8

Radium, radon, cosmic rays from the sun, uranium

Question 9

Examples of Man Made radiation

Answer 9

nuclear, radionucleides, x-rays, dental x-rays

Question 10

What is an x-ray?

Answer 10

form of electromagnetic radiation
travel at the speed of light
bundles of energy moving as waves through space….deposits energy randomly

Question 11

For an x-ray to be produced you must have?

Answer 11

1. Source of electrons
2. Force to move them rapidly
3. Something to stop this movement rapidly

Question 12

Thermionic emission

Answer 12

when the filament heats up so hot that it is burning off electrons

Question 13

What is the filament in the cathode assembly made of?

Answer 13

thoriated tungsten

Question 14

what does mA stand for?

Answer 14

milliamperage

Question 15

what does KV stand for?

Answer 15

kilovoltage

Question 16

Once s-rays strike matter 1 of 3 things can happen

Answer 16

1. they can be absorbed
2. they can transfer some energy then scatter
3. pass through unaffected (exit or remnant radiation)

Question 17

Classic Coherent Scatter (Thomson)

Answer 17

1. Energy less than 10 KeV
2. incoming x-ray photon strikes an atom and is absorbed exciting the atom which release another x-ray photon of the same energy but goes in a different direction.
3. travel until srike anything in its path
4. results in NO energy transfer to the patient

Question 18

Scattering

Answer 18

change in direction

Question 19

Photoelectric effect

Answer 19

1. Incoming x-ray photon strikes an inner shell electron and ejects it from its orbit around the nucleus. Creating an ION PAIR.
2. Atom that lost electron is now positively charged and released electron termed photoelectron continues to travel until combines with matter.
3. all energy is completely consumed which presents the greatest hazard to the patient.

Question 20

What is an ion pair?

Answer 20

two opposite charged ions (+,-)

Question 21

Compton Scattering

Answer 21

1. incoming x-ray photon strikes target atom and uses portion of its energy to eject an outer shell electron
2. remainder of photon’s energy proceeds in different direction
3. Results in Compton or “recoil” electron which travel until it strikes matter
4. most occupational exposure comes from Compton scatter

Question 22

heterogeneous

Answer 22

high and low energies

Question 23

What is a rad?

Answer 23

radiation absorbed dose

Question 24

What does a rad do?

Answer 24

measures the amount of radiation a person or body part absorbs as xrays pass through the body

Question 25

What is the SI unit for rad?

Answer 25

Gray

Question 26

How many rads in 1 gray (Gy)

Answer 26

100

Question 27

What is a rem?

Answer 27

Radiation equivalent man

Question 28

What is the SI unit for rem?

Answer 28

Sievert

Question 29

How many rems in 1 Sievert (Sv)

Answer 29

100

Question 30

What is the SI for curie?

Answer 30

Becquerel

Question 31

How many Becquerel (Bq) in 1 Curie (Ci)?

Answer 31

3.7x10 ^10

Question 32

CDRH

Answer 32

Center for Devices and Radiological Health

Question 33

NCRP

Answer 33

National Council on Radiation Protection and measurements

Question 34

MPD

Answer 34

Maximum Permissable Dose