Chapter 9-12 Flashcards
1
Q
Without _____, leaders can miss important signals that something is going wrong.
A
feedback
2
Q
Open communication runs according to the traditional flow of selective information downward from supervisors to the subordinates.
A
False
3
Q
Written communication is the highest in channel richness because it permits immediate feedback.
A
False
4
Q
A leader, as a(n) _____, uses communication to unite people around a common sense of purpose and identity.
A
communication champion
5
Q
The key elements of the communication process include encoding, transmitting the message through a channel, and decoding.
A
True
6
Q
The traditional role of a manager is that of a(n):
A
information processor.
7
Q
Which of the following is a guideline for using e-mail effectively?
A
Keep e-mail messages short and to the point.
8
Q
An example of nonverbal communication is:
A
management by wandering around.
9
Q
To communicate in a crisis, leaders should:
A
convoy a vision for the future
10
Q
In order to effectively use electronic communication, one should think twice before hitting “Send.”
A
True
11
Q
The richness of an information channel is influenced by the:
A
ability to handle multiple cues simultaneously.
12
Q
Leaders communicate to inspire and motivate people to strive toward a vision.
A
True
13
Q
Which of the following must be observed while sending an e-mail?
A
Use the subject line to grab the reader’s attention.
14
Q
To practice the art of persuasion, leaders should:
A
build goals on common ground.
15
Q
In many of today’s organizations, command-and-control management has proved to be very effective.
A
False
16
Q
A leader should maintain low visibility during times of rapid change, uncertainty, or crisis.
A
False
17
Q
“Management by wandering around” means that employees speak to leaders only through electronic channels of communication.
A
False
18
Q
In the communication process, the _____ is the tangible formulation of the thought or idea sent to the receiver.
A
Message
19
Q
In the communication process, the sender (such as a leader) initiates a communication by _____ a thought or idea.
A
Encoding
20
Q
Leaders can persuade others by:
A
establishing credibility.
21
Q
When leaders communicate with candor, they encourage others to do the same.
A
True
22
Q
An open communication climate in an organization is essential because:
A
a leader’s communication of a vision must be shared and practiced by them.
23
Q
Routine messages typically concern issues:
A
that people already understand and agree on.
24
Q
Leaders are responsible for communicating facts, statistics, and decisions.
A
False
25
Leaders should select a communication channel to fit their message.
True
26
In a crisis situation, a leader should refrain from absorbing people's fears and uncertainties.
False
27
Nonroutine messages:
are often characterized by time pressure and surprise.
28
The result of a dialogue is marked by:
group unity, shared meaning, and transformed mindsets.
29
Leaders communicate to:
inspire others to strive toward a vision.
30
Nonverbal communication may be referred to as messages transmitted through electronic channels.
False
31
Electronic methods of communication:
can increase the potential for communication errors.
32
Which of the following is an advantage of a channel lower in richness?
Providing a record
33
A discussion’s focus is to reveal feelings and builds common ground, with the emphasis on inquiry rather than advocacy.
False
34
Email should be used for:
preparing a group of people for a meeting.
35
_____ is the element of the communication process that enables someone to determine whether the receiver correctly interpreted the message.
Feedback
36
The most important part of a leader’s job in a crisis situation is to:
to absorb people’s fears and uncertainties.
37
Which of the following is true of a leader who is a good listener?
He or she pays complete attention to the message.
38
Which of the following is a form of social media?
Blogs
39
In most organizations, there are some issues that are characterized by strong emotions and extreme uncertainty and that can’t be resolved by resorting to facts and logic. These issues are referred to as _____.
Hot topics
40
Face-to-face discussion:
is the richest medium of communication.
41
_____ questioning helps leaders tap into the expertise and ideas of followers.
Leader-centered
42
Which of the following is true of a leader as a communication champion?
He or she uses rich channels of communication.
43
Persuasion is a valuable communication process that individuals can use to lead others to a shared solution or commitment.
True
44
A discussion results in:
ratifying one’s position.
45
Messages transmitted through actions, behaviour, facial expressions, and tone of voice are referred to as:
nonverbal communication.
46
There is an increased potential for conflict among members of virtual teams because of the greater chances for miscommunication and misunderstandings.
True
47
People slip into _____ when the desire for harmony outweighs concerns over decision quality.
Group think
48
Small teams perform better than large ones because:
Member exchange more opinions
49
Members on large teams typically ask more questions, exchange more opinions, and exhibit more cooperative behavior.
False
50
Working in teams is right for every situation.
False
51
An advantage of virtual teams is that organizations can save employees time and cut travel expenses when people meet in virtual rather than physical space.
True
52
_____ is based on a win–win assumption, in that all parties want to come up with a creative solution that can benefit both sides.
Integrative negotiation
53
Effective leaders should use the same conflict resolution style in every situation.
False
54
A global team:
is a cross-border work team
55
The _____ of handling conflict in a team reflects both a high degree of assertiveness and cooperativeness.
collaborating style
56
In terms of the common dysfunctions of teams, people go along with others for the sake of harmony when they:
fear conflict.
57
During the _____ stage of team development, the major emphasis is on accomplishing the team's goals.
performing
58
Which of the following behaviors is displayed by people who play a task-specialist role?
Initiate ideas
59
Which of the following dysfunctions of teams results in members not accepting responsibility for outcomes?
Avoidance of accountability
60
A group consists of people who:
do related work but may not depend on each other.
61
Members on small teams have more disagreements and tend to form subgroups.
False
62
The avoiding style of handling conflict reflects assertiveness to get one's own way.
False
63
One of the primary advantages of a virtual team is the ability to:
rapidly assemble talented people for a complex project.
64
Self-directed teams are typically completely autonomous.
False
65
Virtual teams meet and conduct their interactions face-to-face in the same physical space.
False
66
Work in organizations is interdependent, which means that individuals and departments rely on other individuals and departments for information or resources in order to accomplish their work.
True
67
_____ is a form of adversarial negotiation in which conflicting parties compete to win the most resources and give up as little as possible.
Distributive negotiation
68
A team is a group of people, and the two are one and the same.
False
69
The leader's role during the _____ stage of team development is to encourage participation by each team member and help people find their common vision and values.
storming
70
The first stage of team development is called norming.
False
71
When quick decisive action is vital on important issues, the _____ style of handling conflict in a team is appropriate.
"my way"
72
Which of the following statements is true of teams?
Teams work to accomplish a shared goal.
73
During the _____ stage of team development, task performance is no longer a top priority and leaders frequently focus on team members’ social and emotional needs.
adjourning
74
Which of the following is a common dysfunction of teams?
Lack of trust.
75
The team role associated with facilitating others' participation, smoothing conflicts, showing concern for team members’ needs, and reminding others of standards for team interaction is the:
socioemotional role.
76
The storming stage of team development is marked by:
conflict and disagreement.
77
Effective teams have people in task-specialist roles exclusively.
False
78
A _____ is a team member who attains benefits from team membership but does not actively participate in and contribute to the team’s work.
free rider
79
_____ refers to antagonistic interaction in which one party attempts to block the intentions or goals of another.
Conflict
80
The dominating style of conflict handling in a team reflects:
assertiveness to get one’s own way.
81
Daryl is a research analyst at Highend Inc. She works independently, without the need for a supervisor. When her team is offered a project, she sits along with her team members to plan and organize the work. Each team member takes turns to undertake a different role. This helps them gain experience in every aspect of their work. Each team member is held accountable for his or her work and every person works toward meeting the agreed deadline. In the given scenario, which of the following types of teams has been described?
Self-directed team
82
During the forming stage of team development, the leader’s challenge is to facilitate interaction among team members.
True
83
To be successful, virtual team leaders should:
use technology to build relationships.
84
_____ focus on a particular goal and disband once the project is completed.
Special-purpose teams
85
A _____ is made up of members from different departments within an organization.
cross-functional team
86
People who adopt a socioemotional role:
encourage others to draw forth their contributions.
87
People who play a task-specialist role often:
stimulate the team into action when interest drops.
88
Employee morale is higher in cohesive teams.
True
89
_____ are teams made up of members who work with minimum supervision and rotate jobs to produce a complete product or service.
Self-directed teams
90
In terms of the common dysfunctions of team, inattention to results leads members to:
put personal ambition ahead of collective results.
91
Machiavellian-style leaders focus on reaching out and working with others.
False
92
One effective way to attract people to new behaviors or to make significant changes is to frame the request in a way that emphasizes the vision or higher purpose of the change.
True
93
Network building does not impact followers’ perceptions of a leader’s abilities.
False
94
_____, a follower response to the use of power, means that people follow the directions of the person with power, whether or not they agree with those directions.
Compliance
95
Which of the following statements is true of charismatic leaders?
They use unconventional means to transcend the existing order.
96
_____, a follower response to the use of power, means that people will obey orders and carry out instructions even though they may not like it.
Compliance
97
One of the steps for effective coalitional leadership includes:
breaking down barriers and promoting cross-silo cooperation.
98
Which of the following is one of the political tactics for asserting leader influence?
Using rational persuasion
99
Which of the following types of leaders typically focus on gaining and using individual power?
Machiavellian-style leaders
100
Influence is the capacity to cause a change in a person, whereas power may be thought of as the degree of actual change.
False
101
Coercive power refers to the power to punish or recommend punishment.
True
102
_____ refers to the effect a person's actions have on the attitudes, values, beliefs, or actions of others.
Influence
103
Power is the potential to influence others within an organization with the goal of attaining desired outcomes for power holders.
True
104
Coalitional leaders:
observe and understand patterns of interaction and influence in an organization.
105
Leaders use the human resource perspective to involve followers and give them opportunities for personal and professional development.
True
106
Research indicates that most people feel a sense of obligation to give something back in return for favors others do for them. In the context of the principles for asserting leader influence, which of the following principles should a leader employ to exploit the given research finding?
Relying on the rule of reciprocity
107
Leaders who use a wider variety of influence tactics are typically perceived as having:
greater power.
108
Which of the following statements is true of coercive power of leaders?
It is the negative side of legitimate and reward power.
109
In the context of stakeholder buy-in, who among the following are strong supporters and will help lead a change effort?
Advocates
110
When workers admire a supervisor because of the way he or she deals with them, the influence is based on:
referent power.
111
Paul, a salesman at an apparel store, did not close as many sales as was expected. Hence, his supervisor withheld his monthly incentive. In the given scenario, Paul’s supervisor possesses:
coercive power.
112
The _____, a leader frame of reference, views organizations as arenas of ongoing conflict or tension over the allocation of scarce resources.
political frame
113
Transformational leadership:
inspires followers to go beyond their own self-interests for the good of the group.
114
_____ are good at traditional management functions such as planning and budgeting and generally focus on the impersonal aspects of job performance.
Transactional leaders
115
A charismatic leader:
creates an atmosphere of change.
116
In the political frame of leader reference, leaders perceive an organization as a system of shared meaning and values.
False
117
In the context of the principles for leader influence, _____ means using facts, data, and logical arguments to convince others that a proposed idea or request is the best way to complete a task or accomplish a desired goal.
rational persuasion
118
Coercive power of a leader derives from a leader's special knowledge or skills regarding tasks performed by followers.
False
119
Which of the following is a criterion that can guide ethical action?
The action should respect the rights of individuals and groups affected by it.
120
_____ exercise power in the service of higher goals that will benefit others and the organization as a whole.
Socialized leaders
121
Which of the following is true of sexual harassment in organizations?
It is illegal and an abuse of power.
122
Which of the following types of leaders uses unconventional means to transcend the status quo and create change?
Charismatic leaders
123
Reward power of a leader is the authority to punish subordinates or recommend punishment.
False
124
In the context of follower responses to the use of power, the act of disobeying orders or deliberately avoiding carrying out instructions is known as _____.
resistance
125
The _____, a leader frame of reference, views an organization as a rational system and strives for clarity of direction and control of results.
structural frame
126
Follower _____, a response to the use of power, helps to overcome the fear associated with change efforts.
commitment
127
Which of the following is a principle for asserting leader influence?
Relying on the rule of reciprocity
128
Transformational leaders have the ability to lead changes in an organization's vision, strategy, and culture as well as promote innovation in products and technologies.
True
129
The responses to the use of power include compliance, resistance, and commitment.
True
130
A specific area in which the unethical use of power is of increasing concern for organizations is sexual harassment.
True
131
Personalized leaders are characterized as:
exploitative.
132
_____ that includes expert power and referent power is based on personal characteristics and interpersonal relationships.
Soft power
133
Charismatic leadership typically instills both awe and submission in followers, whereas transformational leadership seeks to increase follower engagement and empowerment.
True
134
Personalized leaders exercise power in the service of higher goals that will benefit others and the organization as a whole.
False
135
Who among the following use rewards and punishments to shape behaviour and do not mind exploiting the fears and desires of people to get them to follow rules?
Machiavellian-style leaders
136
Glass walls offer experience in areas such as line supervision that would enable women to advance to senior-level positions.
False
137
A benefit of employee affinity groups is that people often obtain sponsors through their affiliation with the groups.
True
138
Which of the following statements is true of diverse workforce?
It can build stronger connections with various customers.
139
As women and minorities move up the management hierarchy, they’re often finding it an easy road to travel.
False
140
Unconscious bias theory suggests that white males slight women and minorities because people’s decisions are influenced by unconscious prejudice.
True
141
A factor contributing to increased acceptance of diversity is:
globalization.
142
The inclusive model of diversity includes all of the ways in which people differ including _____.
military experience
143
In the context of the survey of followers, which of the following statements is true of female leaders?
They are more individually considerate than male leaders.
144
Paying a woman less than a man for the same work is known as _____.
gender discrimination
145
Professor and author Judy B. Rosener has called women's approach to leadership interactive leadership.
True
146
At stage 2 of personal diversity awareness, people are capable of integrating differences and adapting both cognitively and behaviorally.
False
147
According to the Hofstede studies, _____ reflects the values of relationships, cooperation, group decision making, and quality of life.
femininity
148
Employees belonging to a certain religion at a meat packing plant in the country of Atria protested against not being allowed extra break times to pray during their holy month. Employees not belonging to that religion felt that allowing extra breaks would amount to “preferential treatment.” In the context of the given scenario, which of the following statements is true?
Cultural differences provide potential for conflicts. Cultural differences provide potential for conflicts.
149
According to Hofstede’s social value system, high uncertainty avoidance reflects a value for a loosely knit social framework in which individuals are expected to take care of themselves.
False
150
Female leaders are typically rated lower by subordinates on interpersonal skills as well as on factors such as task behavior, communication, and goal accomplishment.
False
151
Ethnocentrism is the belief that:
one's culture and subculture are inherently superior to other cultures.
152
All leaders need to be aware of the impact that culture may have and consider cultural values in their dealings with employees.
True
153
Organizations establish workforce diversity programs to:
promote the hiring of diverse employees.
154
All organizations need _____ to achieve high performance.
diversity of thought
155
According to Hofstede's research, masculinity reflects the values of relationships and cooperation, whereas femininity reflects a preference for achievement, heroism, and assertiveness.
False
156
It is imperative that leaders in international organizations learn to understand local cultures and deal with them effectively.
True
157
Which of the following statements is true of interactive leaders?
They favor a consensual process.
158
Diversity refers to all the ways in which people differ, including the dimension of _____.
lifestyle
159
In the United States, some women leaders feel that the cost of climbing the corporate ladder is too high and they leave before ever encountering the glass ceiling. This phenomenon has been referred to as the:
opt-out trend.
160
In interactive leadership, the leader favors a consensual and collaborative process.
True
161
_____ refers to a person’s ability to use reasoning and observation skills to interpret unfamiliar gestures and situations and devise appropriate behavioral responses.
Cultural intelligence
162
Which of the following is a dimension of the traditional model of diversity?
Pay level
163
Intellectual stimulation, a leadership quality, means questioning current methods and challenging employees to think in new ways.
True
164
When a leader and company act out prejudicial attitudes toward people who are the targets of their prejudice, _____ occurs.
discrimination
165
Which of the following statements is true of the glass ceiling?
Prevailing attitudes are invisible obstacles to women’s advancement.
166
Today’s best leaders realize that diversity suppresses innovation and leads to poor decision making.
False
167
_____ refers to strong support from a powerfully positioned executive who is willing to put his or her reputation on the line to promote an individual’s advancement to higher organizational levels.
Sponsorship
168
According to Hofstede’s social value system, high power distance means that:
people accept inequality in power among institutions, organizations, and individuals.
169
Which of the following statements is true of diversity?
It helps develop employee potential.
170
Women leaders tend to be competitive and prefer vertical hierarchies.
False
171
_____, a leadership quality, means questioning current methods and challenging employees to think in new ways.
Intellectual stimulation
172
The manager of a company situated in the country of Aria lost a business deal with a company situated in the country of Iota. The Arian manager complained to the Iotan higher-level executives when he couldn't obtain information from his counterparts in Iota. The higher-level Iotan executives were offended by his behavior. The Arian manager was surprised since hierarchy was never a matter of concern in his country. In the context of the given scenario, which of the following statements is true?
Behavior is perceived differently from culture to culture.
173
In stage 1 of personal diversity awareness, _____.
legal requirements are met, but diversity is viewed as a problem
174
Many minority leaders struggle daily with the problem of delegating authority and responsibility to employees who show them little respect.
True
175
_____ refers to an adverse feeling or opinion formed without regard for the facts.
Prejudice
176
According to a report from the National Bureau of Economic Research, white-sounding names got 50 percent more call-backs than African American names, even when skills and experience were equal. This is an example of _____ in the workplace.
unconscious bias
177
Tracy and Richard work for QWERTY Corp. They have both been promoted as senior managers for a new project. However, Tracy gets paid lower than Richard for the same work. This is an example of:
gender discrimination.
