chapter 9

Question 1

patriarch/property marriage:

Answer 1

one in which women and children are owned by men.

Question 2

breadwinner/homemaker marriage:

Answer 2

a model of marriage that involves a wage-earning spouse supporting a stay-at-home spouse and children.

Question 3

family wage:

Answer 3

an income, paid to a man, that is large enough to support a non-working wife and children

Question 4

Ideology of separate spheres:

Answer 4

the idea that the home is a feminine space best tended by women and work is a masculine space best suited to men

Question 5

Heteronormative:

Answer 5

it promoted heterosexuality as the only or preferred sexual identity, making other sexual desires invisible or casting them as inferior

Question 6

Mononormative:

Answer 6

it promoted monogamy, or the requirement that spouses have sexual relations only with each other.

Question 7

Pro-natal:

Answer 7

this model of marriage only reached full completion with the birth of children.

Question 8

partnership unions:

Answer 8

a relationship model based on love and companionship between equals

Question 9

Sexism:

Answer 9

a word that refers to the production of unjust outcomes for people perceived to be biologically female.

Question 10

Androcentrism:

Answer 10

refers to yet another form of gender bias: the production of unjust outcomes for people who perform femininity.

Question 11

hegemonic masculinity:

Answer 11

which refers to the form of masculinity that constitutes the most widely admired and rewarded kind of person in any given culture.

Question 12

second shift:

Answer 12

this phrase refers to the unpaid work of housekeeping and childcare that faces family members once they return home from their paid jobs

Question 13

ideal worker norm:

Answer 13

the idea that an employee should devote themselves to their jobs wholly and without the distraction of family responsibilities

Question 14

shared division of labor:

Answer 14

one in which both partners do an equal share of paid and unpaid work

Question 15

specialized division of labor:

Answer 15

one in which one partner does more paid work than childcare and housework and the other does the inverse

Question 16

ideology of intensive motherhood:

Answer 16

the idea that children require concentrated maternal investment

Question 17

feminization of poverty:

Answer 17

a concentration of women, trans women, and gay, bisexual, and gender-nonconforming men at the bottom of the income scale and a concentration of gender-conforming, heterosexual, cisgender men at the top.

Question 18

glass ceiling:

Answer 18

an invisible barrier that restricts upward mobility.

Question 19

glass escalator:

Answer 19

an invisible ride to the top offered to men in female-dominated occupations

Question 20

job segregation:

Answer 20

or the sorting of people with different social identities into separate occupations.

Question 21

androcentric pay scale:

Answer 21

a positive correlation between the number of men in an occupation relative to women and the wages paid to employees

Question 22

care work:

Answer 22

work that involves face-to-face caretaking of the physical, emotional, and educational needs of others—is the least valued

Question 23

male flight:

Answer 23

a phenomenon in which men start abandoning an activity when women start adopting it.

Question 24

stalled revolution:

Answer 24

a phrase that refers to a sweeping change in gender relations that started but has yet to be fully realized

Question 25

freedom/power paradox:

Answer 25

Women have more freedom than men but less power, and men have more power than women but less freedom.

Question 26

domestic outsourcing:

Answer 26

paying non-family members to do family-related tasks

Question 27

global care chains:

Answer 27

a series of nurturing relationships in which the international work of care is displaced onto increasingly disadvantaged paid or unpaid workers.