Chapter 9 Flashcards
(42 cards)
What does photosynthesis generate? And how is it used?
It generates o2 and organic molecules that are used in cellular respiration.
How to catabolic pathways yield energy?
By oxidizing organic fuels
The breakdown of organic molecules is ______
Exergonic
Fermentation
It is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without O2.
Aerobic respiration consumes ________
Organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP
What is anaerobic respiration
Similar to aerobic but it consumes compounds other than O2.
Cellular respiration
Includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration
What does the transfer of electrons during chemical reactions release?
Energy stored in organic molecules — used to synthesize ATP.
Oxidation
When a substance loses electrons, or is oxidized
Reduction
A substance gains electrons or is reduced i.e. the amount of positive charge is reduced.
The electron donor is called __
The reducing agent
The electron receptor is called the _____
Oxidizing agent
During cellular respiration, glucose is ______
Oxidized, and O2 is reduced.
What are electrons from organic compounds first transferred to
NAD+ which is a coenzyme
What is NAD+
A oxidizing agent during cellular respiration
What does NADH do
Passes electrons to the electron transport chain
Glycolysis
Breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
The citric acid cycle
Completes the break down of glucose.
oxidative phosphorylation
Accounts for most of the atp synthesis
How are smaller amounts of ATP formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
By substrate level phosphorylation
Where does glycolysis occur
In the cytoplasm
What are the two phases of glycolysis
Energy investment phase
Energy payoff phase
This occurs whether or not O2 is present
What happens to the electron transport chain without O2
It no longer operates
If the electron transport chain stops working, how do cells generate ATP?
Glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP.
