Chapter 9 Flashcards

Question

**Perceptual set**

Answer 1

*- the tendency to view things in a certain way due to a readiness to receive certain stimuli* *1- past experiences- the situations and events we have encountered throughout our life prior to the present* *2- memory- shaped by our experiences of the world and informs our expectations* *3- motivation- our desires, which causes is to percieve stimuli that align with our goals as more salient* *4- context- the situation or conditions in which something occurs*

Answer 2

*- used to perceive a visual stimulus as remaining constant even though the visual information sent to the brain about the object shows it as constantly changing in shape, size, brightness and orientation* *1- size constancy* *2- shape constancy* *3- orientation constancy* *4- brightness constancy*

Answer 3

*- the tendency to perceive an object as maintaining its level of brightness in relation to its surroundings, despite changes in the amount of light being reflected from the object to the retina*

Answer 4

*- we percieve ean objects true orientation (position) as being unchanged despite changes in the orientation of the objects image on our retina*

Answer 5

*- involves recognising that an objects actual size remains the same, even though the size of the image it casts on each retina changes*

Answer 6

*- the tendency to perceive an object as maintaining its shape despite any change in shape of the image of the object on the retina*

Answer 7

*- a set of principles that explain how we interpret visual information most efficiently by grouping individual elements together to perceive a whole object* *1- figure-ground* *2- closure* *3- proximity* *4- similarity*

Answer 8

*- we organise visual information by dividing a visual scene into a 'figure', which stands out from the 'ground', which is its surrounding* *- by making an objecet the centre of our focus it becomes the figure, while all the other visual information becomes the (back) ground* *- we separate the figure from the ground using a line or a boundary between the figure and ground*

Answer 9

*- refers to the perceptual tendency to mentally 'close up', fill in or ignore gaps in a visual image and to perceive objects as complete ('whole')* *- closure is also applief to non-verbal information (written) e.g we interpret the shapes in the liqorland logo as bottles*

Answer 10

*- involves the tendency to percieve parts of a visual image that have similar features* *- the principle of similarity is used when we group people wearing the same uniform and identify them as belonging to the same team* *e.g colour blindness text (groups colours*

Answer 11

*- the principle of proximity (or nearness) is the tendency to percieve parts of a visual image which are positioned close together as belonging together in a group* *- we group the separate bits into a whole based on how close they are to each other*

Answer 12

*Age and genetics* *illness* *pregnancy*

Answer 13

*- we are likely to have a different number of taste buds to someone else, and our number of buds will change as we age* *e.g older people have fewer taste buds, so their food starts to taste bland*

Answer 14

*- if your sense of smell is reduced, such as from a blocked nose, your brain is not receiving the full range of sensations that combine to give food its flavour. As a result, your food might taste bland or even totally different* *e.g loss of taste is very common symptom of a viral infection*

Answer 15

*- there can be a biological change in taste during pregnancy and people who are pregnant are very sensitive to smells and tastes* *e.g an increased bitter or deacreased sweet response may occur, however, specific differences between pregnant people remain uncertain*

Answer 16

*perceptual set* *emotion* *product packaging*

Answer 17

*- tendency to view things in a certain way due to a readiness to recieve certain stimuli* *e.g past experiences the situations and events we have encountered throughout our life prior to the present*

Answer 18

*- our emotional reaction to tastes is closely related to our past experiences with them* *e.g eating a dish that was a favourite as a child may give a nostalgic feeling of happiness. Each time you eat that dish, the associatioed feeling of happiness can influence you towards a positive taste perception*

Answer 19

*- both branding and packaging itself can trigger our perceptual sets and emotions, thereby influencing how we perceive a products taste* *e.g it was found that when yoghurt containers were heavier, people percieved the yoghurt to be more filling*

Answer 20

*food culture* *historical experiences* *songlines*

Answer 21

*- the attitudes, behaviours, customs and values around food with which we were raised* *e.g the australian meat pie and combodias giant honey crickets, both suggested to be delicious snacks*

Answer 22

*- a countrys food culture is largely shaped by its history* *e.g thai food is spicy because chilis grow in thailand*

Answer 23

*- contain the memories and knowledge of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Some songlines mark walking routes connecting important sites and locations, helping the traveller find their way safely, including by knowing where to find food and which food to eat* *e.g the taste of ginger may be perceived differently by people from different cultures*

Chapter 9 Flashcards

(47 cards)